Herbal antineoplastic agents. Antineoplastic folk remedies: ointments, plants, mushrooms, teas, tinctures, dietary supplements and herbal remedies. Don't waste time looking for an inaccurate cancer treatment price
It is advisable to periodically apply the listed drugs to all people after 40 years for prevention 1-2 times a year, after 50 years - 2-3 times a year. The rest of the drugs - as needed.
How to take peptides
Since the restoration of the functional ability of cells occurs gradually and depends on the level of their existing damage, the effect can occur both 1-2 weeks after the start of peptide intake, and after 1-2 months. The course is recommended for 1-3 months. It is important to take into account that a three-month intake of natural peptide bioregulators has a prolonged effect, i.e. works in the body for another 2-3 months. The resulting effect lasts for six months, and each subsequent course of intake has a potentiation effect, i.e. the effect of strengthening what has already been obtained.Since each peptide bioregulator has a direction of action on a specific organ and does not affect other organs and tissues in any way, the simultaneous administration of drugs of different effects is not only not contraindicated, but is often recommended (up to 6-7 drugs at the same time).
The peptides are compatible with any medications and dietary supplements. While taking peptides, it is advisable to gradually reduce the doses of simultaneously taken drugs, which will have a positive effect on the patient's body.
Short regulatory peptides do not undergo transformation in the gastrointestinal tract; therefore, they can be safely, easily and simply used in encapsulated form by almost everyone.
Peptides in the gastrointestinal tract are broken down to di- and tri-peptides. Further breakdown to amino acids occurs in the intestine. This means the peptides can be taken even without a capsule. This is very important when a person, for some reason, cannot swallow capsules. The same applies to severely weakened people or children, when the dosage must be reduced.
Peptide bioregulators can be taken for both prophylactic and therapeutic purposes.
Efficiency natural (PC) is 2-2.5 times lower than encapsulated. Therefore, their intake for medicinal purposes should be longer (up to six months). Liquid peptide complexes are applied to the inner surface of the forearm in the projection of the veins or on the wrist and rubbed until completely absorbed. After 7-15 minutes, peptides bind to dendritic cells, which carry out their further transport to the lymph nodes, where the peptides are "transplanted" and sent with the blood flow to the desired organs and tissues. Although peptides are protein substances, their molecular weight is much lower than that of proteins, so they can easily penetrate the skin. The penetration of peptide preparations is further improved by their lipophilization, that is, the connection with the fat base, which is why almost all peptide complexes for external use contain fatty acids.
Not so long ago appeared the first series of peptide preparations in the world practice for sublingual use—
A fundamentally new method of application and the presence of a number of peptides in each of the preparations provide them with the fastest and most effective action. This drug, getting into the sublingual space with a dense network of capillaries, is able to penetrate directly into the bloodstream, bypassing absorption through the mucous membrane of the digestive tract and metabolic primary deactivation of the liver. Taking into account the direct entry into the systemic circulation, the rate of onset of the effect is several times higher than the rate when the drug is taken orally.
Revilab SL line- these are complex synthesized preparations containing 3-4 components of very short chains (2-3 amino acids each). In terms of peptide concentration, it is the average between encapsulated peptides and PK in solution. By the speed of action, it takes a leading position, because is absorbed and reaches the target very quickly.
It makes sense to introduce this line of peptides into the course at the initial stage, and then switch to natural peptides.
Another innovative series is a line of multicomponent peptide preparations. The line includes 9 drugs, each of which contains a range of short peptides, as well as antioxidants and building materials for cells. Ideal for those who do not like to take many drugs, but prefer to get everything in one capsule.
The action of these new generation bioregulators is aimed at slowing down the aging process, maintaining the normal level of metabolic processes, preventing and correcting various conditions; rehabilitation after serious illnesses, injuries and operations.
Peptides in cosmetology
Peptides can be incorporated into other foods as well as medicines. For example, Russian scientists have developed excellent cellular cosmetics with natural and synthesized peptides that affect the deep layers of the skin.External skin aging depends on many factors: lifestyle, stress, sunlight, mechanical stimuli, climatic fluctuations, diet hobbies, etc. With age, the skin becomes dehydrated, loses elasticity, becomes rough, a network of wrinkles and deep grooves appears on it. We all know that the natural aging process is natural and irreversible. It is impossible to resist it, but it can be slowed down thanks to the revolutionary ingredients of cosmetology - low molecular weight peptides.
The uniqueness of the peptides is that they freely pass through the stratum corneum into the dermis to the level of living cells and capillaries. Skin regeneration goes deep from the inside and, as a result, the skin retains its freshness for a long time. There is no addiction to peptide cosmetics - even if you stop using it, the skin will simply physiologically age.
Cosmetic giants create more and more "miraculous" means. We buy and use trustingly, but no miracle happens. We blindly believe the inscriptions on banks, not suspecting that it is often just a marketing device.
For example, most cosmetic companies produce and advertise anti-wrinkle creams with might and main. collagen as the main ingredient. Meanwhile, scientists have come to the conclusion that collagen molecules are so large that they simply cannot penetrate the skin. They settle on the surface of the epidermis, and then are washed off with water. That is, when buying collagen creams, we literally throw money down the drain.
Another popular active ingredient in anti-aging cosmetics is resveratrol. It is indeed a powerful antioxidant and immunostimulant, but only in the form of microinjections. If you rub it into the skin, the miracle will not happen. It has been experimentally proven that creams with resveratrol have practically no effect on collagen production.
NPCRIZ (now Peptides) in collaboration with scientists from the St. Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology has developed a unique peptide series of cellular cosmetics (based on natural peptides) and a series (based on synthesized peptides).
They are based on a group of peptide complexes with different points of application, which have a powerful and visible rejuvenating effect on the skin. As a result of the application, the regeneration of skin cells, blood circulation and microcirculation, as well as the synthesis of the collagen-elastin skeleton of the skin are stimulated. All this manifests itself in lifting, as well as improving the texture, color and moisture of the skin.
Currently, 16 types of creams have been developed, incl. anti-aging and for problem skin (with thymus peptides), for the face against wrinkles and for the body against stretch marks and scars (with peptides of bone and cartilage tissue), against spider veins (with vascular peptides), anti-cellulite (with liver peptides), for eyelids from edema and dark circles (with peptides of the pancreas, blood vessels, bone-cartilage tissue and thymus), against varicose veins (with peptides of blood vessels and bone-cartilage tissue), etc. All creams, in addition to peptide complexes, contain other powerful active ingredients. It is important that the creams do not contain chemical components (preservatives, etc.).
The effectiveness of peptides has been proven in numerous experimental and clinical studies. Of course, to look great, creams alone are not enough. You need to rejuvenate your body from the inside, using from time to time various complexes of peptide bioregulators and micronutrients.
The line of cosmetic products with peptides, in addition to creams, also includes shampoo, mask and hair balm, decorative cosmetics, tonics, serums for the skin of the face, neck and décolleté, etc.
It should also be borne in mind that the consumption of sugar significantly affects the appearance.
Due to a process called glycation, sugar is damaging to the skin. Excess sugar increases the rate of collagen degradation, which leads to wrinkles.
Glycation - the interaction of sugars with proteins, primarily collagen, with the formation of cross-links - this is a natural for our body, a constant irreversible process in our body and skin, leading to hardening of connective tissue.
Glycation Products - A.G.E. (Advanced Glycation Endproducts) - settle in cells, accumulate in our body and lead to many negative effects.
As a result of glycation, the skin loses its tone and becomes dull, it sags and looks old. This is directly related to the lifestyle: reduce the consumption of sugar and starchy foods (which is good for a normal weight) and take care of your skin every day!
To resist glycation, inhibit protein degradation and age-related changes in the skin, the company has developed an anti-aging drug with a powerful deglycating and antioxidant effect. The action of this remedy is based on stimulating the deglication process, which affects the deep aging processes of the skin and helps smooth wrinkles and increase its elasticity. It contains a powerful anti-glycation complex - rosemary extract, carnosine, taurine, astaxanthin and alpha lipoic acid.
Are peptides a panacea for old age?
According to the creator of peptide drugs V. Khavinson, aging largely depends on the lifestyle: "No drugs will save if a person does not have a set of knowledge and correct behavior - this is the observance of biorhythms, proper nutrition, exercise and taking certain bioregulators." As for the genetic predisposition to aging, according to him, we are only 25 percent dependent on genes.The scientist claims that peptide complexes have enormous reductive potential. But to raise them to the rank of panacea, to attribute non-existent properties to peptides (most likely for commercial reasons) is categorically wrong!
Taking care of your health today means giving yourself a chance to live tomorrow. We ourselves must improve our lifestyle - go in for sports, give up bad habits, and eat better. And of course, whenever possible, use peptide bioregulators that help maintain health and increase life expectancy.
Peptide bioregulators developed by Russian scientists several decades ago became available to the general consumer only in 2010. Gradually, more and more people around the world learn about them. The secret of maintaining the health and youthfulness of many famous politicians, artists, scientists lies in the use of peptides. Here are just a few of them:
UAE Minister of Energy Sheikh Said,
President of Belarus Lukashenko,
Former President of Kazakhstan Nazarbayev,
King of Thailand,
pilot-cosmonaut G.M. Grechko and his wife L.K. Grechko,
artists: V. Leontiev, E. Stepanenko and E. Petrosyan, L. Izmailov, T. Povaliy, I. Kornelyuk, I. Viner (rhythmic gymnastics coach) and many, many others ...
Peptide bioregulators are used by athletes from 2 Russian Olympic teams in rhythmic gymnastics and rowing. The use of drugs allows us to increase the stress resistance of our gymnasts and contributes to the success of the national team at international championships.
If in our youth we can afford to do health prevention periodically whenever we want, then with age, unfortunately, we do not have such a luxury. And if you do not want to be in such a state tomorrow that your loved ones will be exhausted with you and will look forward to your death with impatience, if you do not want to die among strangers, because you do not remember anything and everyone around you seems to be strangers in reality, you from now on, they must take action and take care not so much of themselves as of their loved ones.
The Bible says, "Seek and you will find." Perhaps you have found your own way of healing and rejuvenation.
Everything is in our hands, and only we can take care of ourselves. Nobody will do it for us!
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The first anticancer antibiotic - dactinomycin - was received in 1963. Subsequently, the screening of microbial waste products led to the discovery of a number of effective chemotherapeutic anticancer drugs, which are products of different types of soil fungi or their synthetic derivatives.
Nowadays, anthracycline antibiotics have the greatest practical application with antitumor antibiotics; they are among the most effective antitumor agents.
The mechanism of the cytotoxic action of anthracycline antibiotics is mainly due to inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis, impaired secondary spiralization of DNA, as well as binding to lipids of cell membranes, which is accompanied by changes in ion transport and cellular functions. This mechanism leads to high antimitotic activity with low selectivity of action. Anthracycline antibiotics also have immunosuppressive (myelosuppressive) and antibacterial effects, but are not used as antimicrobial agents.
The pharmacokinetics of antitumor antibiotics has hardly been studied, which can be explained by the methodological difficulties in identifying drugs of this group in the biological media of the body.
Pharmacodynamics. The antitumor effect of most antibiotics is mainly due to their property of forming complexes with DNA, which leads to the suppression of its informational (matrix) function, that is, to disruption of RNA synthesis. Thus, they exhibit an antitumor effect, in particular rubomycin hydrochloride, dactinomycin, bleomycin hydrochloride, olivomycin .
A feature of pharmacodynamics bleomycin hydrochloride is its pronounced organotropism relative to the lung tissue, it does not affect hematopoiesis. For adriamycin immunosuppressive and cardiotoxic effects are characteristic. The cardiotoxic effect of this drug can be exerted by aglycone, which is formed during the metabolism of the antibiotic.
Almost all antitumor antibiotics also have antimicrobial activity. they can be combined with antitumor agents of other groups, in particular with alkylating agents and antimetabolites.
Indications. Olivomycin used in the form of sodium salt for testicular tumors, tonsillar tumors, reticulosarcoma with lesions of peripheral nodes, melanoma. This antibiotic is attracting attention due to the effectiveness of its topical application in the form of an ointment for ulcerative cancerous tumors and metastases that cannot be treated with other methods.
Bleomycin prescribed in cases of squamous cell cancer of the oral mucosa, tongue, tonsils, larynx, skin, cervix, as well as lymphogranulomatosis and penile cancer (in combination with vinblastine).
Adriamycin has a fairly wide spectrum of antitumor activity; breast carcinoma, lung cancer, thyroid bladder, ovarian cancer, bone sarcoma, soft tissue.
Bruneomycin the patients are prescribed lymphogranulomatosis, reticulosarcoma, lymphosarcoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
Side effect nausea, vomiting, anorexia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, bleomycin - hair loss, allergic skin rash.
Contraindications: leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, allergic reactions (urticaria, Quincke's edema), severe renal dysfunction, circulatory disorders, active myelosuppression after radiation therapy.
Plant-based antineoplastic agents
The active principle of antitumor agents, which are obtained from plant raw materials, are alkaloids, which are diverse both in chemical structure and in the mechanism of anti-blastoma effect. Some of the first herbal preparations that are used in oncological practice were colchamin and birch mushroom extract befungin , which is used as a symptomatic remedy. Later, vinblastine and vincristine were introduced into medical practice. Anticancer alkaloids are very toxic. they are obtained from various plants: from pink periwinkle ( vinblastine , vincristine), from the bulbs of the colchicum luxurious ( colchamin), podophilus thyroid ( dauphillin) and etc.
Alkaloids of pink periwinkle - vincristine and vinblastine - were isolated from the plant Catharanthus roseus. A new semi-synthetic derivative of vinblastine is named wine-relbin ... These are phase-specific antineoplastic agents that act primarily during mitosis. By binding to tubulin, they stop microtubule collection.
Pharmacokinetics. The pharmacokinetic parameters of herbal anticancer agents have practically not been studied, which, as in relation to antitumor antibiotics, can be explained by the complexity of their identification in biological media.
Pharmacodynamics. The cytostatic effect of alkaloids is the selective inhibition of transport RNA and DNA synthesis, which leads to blocking of mitosis at the metaphase stage. Thus, the development of tumor (and normal) tissue is delayed and rapidly proliferates.
The cytostatic effect of antitumor alkaloids is the inhibition of leukocytes, erythropoiesis and thrombocytopoiesis.
Indications: vinblastine , vincristine - hemoblastosis (hematosarcoma, multiple myeloma, acute leukemia, etc.); breast cancer, neuroblastoma, chorionepithelioma, lymphogranulomatosis (separately, and also combined with other antineoplastic agents) colchamin : locally in ointments - skin cancer, in combination with Sarcolysin - esophageal cancer, high stomach cancer; podophyllin - papillomatosis of the larynx, papilloma of the urinary bladder.
Side effect dose-limiting side effect of vincristine - neurotoxicity, which is manifested by sensory and autonomic neuropathy. Another side effect of vincristine is ADH hypersecretion syndrome. The suppression of hematopoiesis is usually not characteristic of this drug. In vinblastine and vinorelbine, on the contrary, the main side effect is bone marrow hypoplasia; they rarely cause neurotoxic effects, compared with vincristine.
Contraindications: severe concomitant diseases, including kidney, liver, when hematopoiesis is suppressed (leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, anemia); Kolkhaminov ointment - skin cancer IN and stage IV with metastases.
Enzyme preparations with antitumor activity
Asparaginase is the only enzyme used as an anticancer agent. Under its action, extracellular reserves of asparagine are depleted, which are needed by tumor and normal lymphocytes, since the cells themselves almost do not synthesize asparagine. This provision became the basis for the search for means capable of destroying this enzyme and artificially limiting its supply to tumor cells, and leads to their death. These properties are possessed by the enzyme L-asparaginase .
Pharmacokinetics. After administration, the enzyme circulates in the blood for a rather long time: its half-life is 8-30 hours. In the blood, L-asparaginase appears even a few days after discontinuation.
Pharmacodynamics. The enzyme breaks down L-asparagine to aspartic acid and ammonium. Thus, an amino acid deficiency is formed, inhibits the synthesis of nucleic acids, and, consequently, cell reproduction.
Indications: acute lymphoblastic leukemia, lymphosarcoma.
Side effect L-asparaginase causes allergic reactions, even with the first use, anaphylactic shock is possible. Other side effects are hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity, pancreatitis. Over time, the content of fibrinogen in the blood may decrease, and a tendency to hemorrhage may appear.
Contraindications: pregnancy, severe diseases of the liver, kidneys, pancreas, central nervous system, severe leuko- and thrombocytopenia.
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Ministry of Health of the Moscow Region
State educational institution of secondary vocational education
"Lyubertsy Medical College"
Report on the topic:
"Antineoplastic drugs"
For the conference: "Side effects of drugs"
By discipline: "Medicine"
Checked Completed
Teacher Student of group 3 "L"
Ilkevich T.G. Yusupova F.D.
Lyubertsy 2015
Antineoplastic drugs
Pharmacotherapy of tumor pathology, along with radiation therapy and surgery, is the most important component of the fight against cancer. In recent years, it has been enriched with numerous new drugs that have increased its effectiveness and safety.
All anticancer drugs are divided into a number of groups based on their chemical structure, mechanism of action, sources of production: alkylating agents, antimetabolites, antibiotics, hormone agonists and antagonists, alkaloids and other herbal products.
More recently, endogenous antitumor compounds have attracted great attention. The efficacy of interferons in certain types of tumors was found, and the antitumor activity of other lymphokines (interleukins - 1 and 2) is being studied.
Along with a specific inhibitory effect on tumors, modern antitumor agents act on other tissues and systems of the body, which, on the one hand, causes their unwanted side effects, and on the other hand, allows them to be used in other fields of medicine.
Classification of antineoplastic agents
Antineoplastic agents are drugs used to treat malignant tumors. Drug therapy does not replace surgical and radiation methods of treatment, but complements them and only in some tumor diseases can it be used as the only treatment method, for example, in leukemia, lymphogranulomatosis, reticulosarcomatosis, myeloma, uterine chorionepithelioma.
Antineoplastic drugs that have received practical application in oncology are usually divided into the following groups:
ALKYLATING AGENTS
1. Derivatives of chloroethylamine (nitrogenous analogs of mustard gas):
Chlorethylaminouracil (dopan)
Bendamustine hydrochloride (cytostazan)
Cyclophosphamide (cyclophosphamide)
Chlorambucil (Chlorbutin, Leukeran)
Racemelfalan (sarcolysin)
Prospidium chloride (prospidin)
Dibrospidium chloride (spirobromine)
Pafencil
Ifosfamide
2. Ethyleneimines and ethylenediamines:
Tiotepa (thiophosphamide, ThioTEP)
Benzotef Fluorobenzotef Dipin
Imiphos (marcofan)
Hexaphosphamide
Photretamin (photrin)
Prodimin
3. Esters of disulfonic acids (alkylsulfonates):
Busulfan (mielosan)
4. Nitrosoureas and triazenes:
Nitrosomethylurea
Lomustin
Fotemustin
Carmustin
Nimustin
Dakarbazin (datisen)
(II) ANTIMETABOLITES:
1. Folic acid:
Methotrexate
2. Purine nucleotides:
Mercaptopurine (Leukerin)
Thioguanine (lanvis)
Pumitepa (fopurin, pumiTEF)
3. Pyrimidine nucleotides:
Fluorouracil (5-fluorouracil)
Tegafur (ftorafur)
Cytarabine (cytosar, alexan)
Gemcitabine
Fludarabine
Capecitabine
Raltitrekid
herbal preparations
Rosevin (vinblastine), Vincristine (oncovin), Colchicine (arthriquine), Demecolcine (colhamin, omain), Podophyllin, Etoposide (vepezide), Teniposide, Vindesine, Irinotecan, Topotecan, Podophyllotoxin, Paclitaxel.
ANTITUMOR ANTIBIOTICS
Dactinomycin (actinomycin D), daunorubicin hydrochloride (rubomycin, daunomycin), doxorubicin hydrochloride (adriamycin, adriablastin)
Epirubicin (Pharmorubicin), Carminomycin Hydrochloride, Bleomycetin Hydrochloride (Bleomycin A5), Olivomycin, Rufocromomycin (Bruneomycin, Streptonigrin), Mitomycin (Amethycin), Reumycin, Carminomycin.
enzyme anticancer drugs
L-asparaginase (Krasnitin)
Pegaspargaza
(Vi) SYNTHETIC PREPARATIONS OF DIFFERENT GROUPS:
Cisplatin (Platidiam), Platinum, Carboplatin, Procarbazine Hydrochloride (Natulan)
Hydroxyurea (Gidrealir), Mitoxantrone (Novatron), Oxaliplatin
Aranose, Altretamin.
hormonal and antihormonal antitumor drugs:
1. Inhibitors of the synthesis of steroid hormones:
Aminoglutethimide (mamomite, orimethene)
Mitotan (Chloditan)
2. Androgenic drugs:
Medrotestron propionate
Proloteston
3. Antiandrogenic drugs:
Cyproterone (androkur)
Flutamide (flucin)
Finasteride
Bicalutamide
Permikson
Prostaplant
4. Estrogenic drugs:
Chlorotrianisene (merbentul)
Fosfestrol (honwan)
Polyestradiol Phosphate (Estradurin)
Estramustine (estracite)
5. Antiestrogenic drugs:
Tamoxifen (zitazonium, nolvadex)
Toremifen (Fareston)
6. Progestational drugs:
Medroxyprogesterone acetate (Provera, Depo-Provera, Farlutal)
Gestonorona caproat (depostat)
7. Aromatase inhibitors
Anastrozole
Letrozole
interferons and interleukins
Aldesleikin.
Mechanism of action
The antitumor effect is aimed at suppressing and preventing the growth of various tumors. The mechanism of antitumor action is primarily based on the suppression of DNA synthesis, which leads to a cytostatic effect. The drugs have a selective inhibitory effect on the enzyme Bcr-Abl-tyrosine kinase, formed during the fusion of the Bcr gene region (breakpoint cluster region) and the Abl proto-oncogene (Abelson), at the cellular level, selectively inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis of cell lines expressing Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase including immature leukemia cells formed in chronic myeloid leukemia in patients with positive Philadelphia chromosome and in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The mechanism of action may be associated not only with inhibition of the proliferation of tumor cells, but also with the stimulation of apoptosis. In some cases, the mechanism of action is based on a modulating effect on the synthesis of certain oncogenes, which leads to the normalization of neoplastic cell transformation and inhibition of tumor growth. It can also be associated with the regulation of synthesis, secretion and effects on receptors of various hormones, which is important in hormone-dependent tumors. The action can be caused by the introduction of specific monoclonal antibodies. Drugs with antitumor effects are widely used in oncology, as the main treatment or as part of combination and palliative therapy.
Radiation therapy breast cancer treatment
Pharmacological action
Cytostatic - negative action.
Traditional cytotoxic chemotherapy, which damages cell DNA, affects many normal cells in addition to malignant cells. Antimetabolites such as 5-fluorouracil and methotrexate are cell cycle specific and have a non-linear dose-response relationship. Other chemotherapeutic agents (eg, DNA cross-linking agents, also known as alkylating agents) have a linear dose-response relationship, kill more tumor cells, and have greater toxicity with increasing dose. At high doses, alkylating agents cause bone marrow aplasia, which requires bone marrow transplantation to restore hematopoiesis.
Positive action.
It stimulates the assembly of microtubules from dimeric tubulin molecules and stabilizes them, preventing depolymerization. As a result, the dynamic reorganization of the microtubular network in the interphase is inhibited and the process of mitosis is disrupted. Suppresses mitosis, the growth of actively proliferating tissues (including bone marrow), inhibits the progression of tumors. Antineoplastic, antiandrogenic action.
Antineoplastic agent (alkylating compound), inhibits the development of rapidly proliferating tissue, incl. malignant tumors. Competitively inhibits estrogen receptors in target organs and tumors originating from these organs. Antineoplastic agent of alkylating action. It belongs to the group of Pt derivatives, forms "crosslinks" between adjacent guanine base pairs in DNA, which leads to suppression of nucleic acid synthesis and cell death. Unlike cisplatin, it has less nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity, it inhibits hematopoiesis more strongly. It causes growth arrest and regression of many types of tumors. In experimental studies in vivo and in vitro, it exhibits mutagenic, embryotoxic and teratogenic properties. An antineoplastic agent for local use, exhibits a contact effect on tumors and precancerous skin diseases, selectively inhibits metabolism in blastomatous cells, which is especially pronounced in an acidic environment. It also has antimicrobial effect.
Poglucar is an antitumor drug, a specific long-acting urinary beta-glucuronidase inhibitor. It prevents beta-glucuronidase from splitting the carcinogen-glucuron complex and thereby ensures the elimination of carcinogenic metabolites in a bound inactive form and prevents malignancy of the bladder epithelium. Indirectly, through inhibition of beta-glucuronidase activity, it inhibits cell proliferation.
Sodium methotrexate. Suppresses mitosis, the growth of actively proliferating tissues (including bone marrow), inhibits the progression of tumors.
Indications for use.
Antimetabolites.
Acute non-lymphoblastic and lymphoblastic leukemia (induction of remission and as maintenance therapy);
prevention and treatment of neuroleukemia (intrathecal administration with monotherapy and in combination with other anticancer drugs);
non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (treatment);
Blast crisis in chronic myeloid leukemia (treatment).
High-dose cytarabine therapy:
Treatment-refractory non-Hodgkin's lymphomas;
Acute non-lymphoblastic and lymphoblastic leukemia, refractory to therapy, incl. options with a poor prognosis;
Recurrence of acute leukemia;
Secondary leukemia after previous chemotherapy and / or radiation therapy;
Manifest leukemia after transformation of preleukemia;
Acute non-lymphoblastic leukemia in patients under the age of 60 years (to consolidate remission);
blast crisis in chronic myeloid leukemia.
Methotrexate sodium. Chorionic carcinoma of the uterus, acute lymphocytic leukemia, tumors of the central nervous system (leukemoid infiltration of the meninges), breast cancer, head and neck cancer, cancer of the lungs, bladder, stomach; Hodgkin's disease, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, retinoblastoma, osteosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma, soft tissue sarcoma; refractory psoriasis (only with an established diagnosis in case of resistance to other types of therapy), rheumatoid arthritis.
Gefitinib is indicated as monotherapy for the treatment of patients with localized (NSCLC) metastatic non-small cell lung cancer in advanced stages or with metastatic NSCLC after ineffective chemotherapy with docetaxel or platinum drugs. Melanoma, lymphogranulomatosis, soft tissue sarcoma (excluding sarcoma) Kaposhi sarcoma.
Alkylating agents.
Dicarbazine.
As part of multicomponent chemotherapy regimens: osteosarcoma, uterine sarcoma, lymphosarcoma, embryonic rhabdomyosarcoma, pleural and peritoneal mesothelioma, small cell lung cancer, thyroid cancer, carcinoid, pheochromocytoma, insulinoma, neuroblastoma.
Leykeran.
Lymphogranulomatosis, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia.
Myelosan Chronic leukemic myeloid leukemia.
Tiotepa-Thioplex.
Cancer of the breast, ovaries, bladder, pleural mesothelioma, retinoblastoma, malignant diseases of the meninges, genital warts.
ShiINU capsule.
Glioblastomas, metastases to the brain of tumors of various localizations, lung cancer, lymphogranulomatosis, hematosarcomas, multiple myeloma, melanoma (for combination therapy)
Antineoplastic antibiotics:
Instant Adriblastin:
Cancer of the breast, thyroid gland, lungs, bladder (including superficial tumors), ovaries, osteosarcoma, soft tissue sarcoma, lymphogranulomatosis, non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, neuroblastoma, Wilms tumor, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, acute myeloblastic leukemia.
Cancer of the skin, esophagus, lung, cervix, thyroid gland, kidney; malignant tumors of the head and neck; sarcomas of soft tissues, osteosarcoma; lymphogranulomatosis, non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, germ cell tumors of the testis and ovaries.
Treatment and prevention of exudative pleurisy and treatment of exudative peritonitis in malignant tumors (intracavitary).
Doxorubifer:
Acute leukemia (lymphoblastic and myeloblastic), malignant lymphoma; breast, lung (especially small cell), bladder, thyroid, ovarian cancer; sarcoma (osteogenic, soft tissue, Ewing), neuroblastoma, Wilms tumor.
Mitoxantrone AED:
Breast cancer (with local and / or distant metastases), non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, acute leukemia in adults (not amenable to conventional treatment).
Vegetable alkaloids:
Abitaxel: metastatic ovarian cancer: first-line chemotherapy (in combination with platinum drugs) and second-line, progression of the process, including with resistance to platinum drugs, metastatic breast cancer (in combination with anthracyclines or monotherapy with resistance to them), non-small cell lung cancer, squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder, esophageal cancer, leukemia, sarcoma.
generalized form of Hodgkin's disease; lymphocytic lymphoma (nodular and diffuse forms, highly and poorly differentiated); histiocytic lymphoma; fungal mycosis; testicular cancer, breast cancer; Kaposi's sarcoma; Letterer's disease - Sive; choriocarcinoma.
Sindaxel:
Ovarian cancer (first-line therapy for patients with advanced disease or residual tumor / more than 1 cm / after laparotomy / in combination with cisplatin / and second-line therapy for metastases after standard therapy, which did not give a positive result);
Breast cancer (presence of affected lymph nodes after standard combination therapy / adjuvant treatment /; after a relapse of the disease, within 6 months after the start of adjuvant therapy - first-line therapy; metastatic breast cancer after ineffective standard therapy - second-line therapy);
Non-small cell lung cancer (first-line therapy for patients who are not planned to undergo surgery and / or radiation therapy / in combination with cisplatin /);
Kaposi's sarcoma in AIDS patients (second-line therapy, after ineffective therapy with liposomal anthracyclines).
Navelbin:
non-small cell lung cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer resistant to hormone therapy (in combination with low doses of oral corticosteroids).
Etoposide:
germ cell tumors (testicular tumors, choriocarcinoma), ovarian cancer, small cell and non-small cell lung cancer, lymphogranulomatosis, non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, stomach cancer (for monotherapy and as part of combination therapy), Ewing's sarcoma, Kaposi's sarcoma, neuroblastoma, breast cancer in liver, into the pleura), acute non-lymphoblastic leukemia, mesothelioma.
Vincristine:
acute leukemia, lymphogranulomatosis, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, neuroblastoma, Wilms tumor, osteosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma, bone and soft tissue sarcoma, breast and uterine cancer, small cell lung cancer, gynecological tumors in children.
Maverex:
Non-small cell lung cancer;
Mammary cancer.
Side effects of anticancer drugs
As evidenced by the results of the clinical use of drugs of various groups, all of them, with minor exceptions, have a low selectivity of action. This is manifested in the fact that. they have a damaging effect not only on tumor cells, but to a certain extent also on actively proliferating cells of normal tissues, which primarily include hematopoietic elements, intestinal mucosa and testes. The disorders that arise in these tissues are the main limiting factor for chemotherapy.
The nature, degree, time of occurrence of adverse reactions and the speed of their elimination under the action of various drugs are not the same. They depend on various reasons, and most importantly - on the structure and mechanism of action of the substances used, the individual sensitivity of patients to them, organotropicity, daily and course dose of drugs, the regimen and method of their use, and many other factors.
Almost all drugs have a more or less pronounced leukopenic effect. And although the differences in the action of different drugs are rather quantitative, at the same time they are also qualitative. Some more significantly inhibit lymphopoiesis, others - granulocytopoiesis. Although there is a point of view that there are no changes in red blood during chemotherapy, some drugs, such as cyclophosphamide and especially fluorouracil, inhibit erythropoiesis.
Side effects in the body can occur immediately during the period of chemotherapy, immediately after its completion, as well as in the long term. Immediate side effects include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, allergic skin rashes, asthmatic attacks. Suppression of hematopoiesis, liver damage, neuritis, anorexia are observed at the end of the course of treatment or after some time. Late complications include changes in the endocrine system and parenchymal organs. Each drug has a characteristic range of adverse reactions. With the use of alkylating compounds, the inhibition of hematopoiesis is most pronounced, as well as early transient and intermittent reactions from the gastrointestinal tract. With the introduction of antimetabolites, changes in the mucous membranes and the gastrointestinal tract come to the fore. With the introduction of a number of new antibiotics into medical practice, the scope of toxic changes has expanded. Adriamycin and rubomycin show cardiotoxicity, vincristine - neurotoxicity, mithramycin leads to disruption of the blood coagulation system, and after treatment with bleomycin, pulmonary fibrosis sometimes develops.
Alkylating agents
Busulfan (Mielosan)
Side effects: Myelosuppression (thrombocytopenia), skin hyperpigmentation, urticarial rash, urythema multiforme, alopecia, "allopurinol" rash, dry skin (up to complete agidrosis), dryness of the oral mucosa, cheilosis, varicose veins of the esophagus nodes, liver dysfunction hyperplasia, portal hypertension, lens changes, cataract, gynecomastia, myasthenia gravis, hemorrhagic cystitis, with prolonged treatment - diffuse pneumofibrosis, a syndrome resembling adrenal insufficiency; at high doses - hyperbilirubinemia, jaundice, fibrosis with atrophy and necrosis of the skin, in women - ovarian suppression, amenorrhea, in men - azoospermia, testicular atrophy, sterility.
Antimetabolites
Fluorouracil
Side effects: Nausea, vomiting, stomatitis, esophagitis, proctitis, diarrhea, leukopenia, mainly granulocytopenia, thrombocytopenia, ataxia, dizziness, muscle weakness, nystagmus, slurred speech, oculomotor disorders, angina pectoris, ischemia, and myocardial death (extremely rare), skin rash, in some cases - alopecia (reversible), partial loss of nails, dermatitis and hyperpigmentation in the area of \u200b\u200bthe nail bed and other parts of the body.
Antineoplastic antibiotics
Epirubicin
Side effects: Bone marrow hypoplasia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, anemia, asthenia, toxic myocarditis, arrhythmias, left ventricular failure, cardiomyopathy, arterial hypertension, mucositis, stomatitis, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, possible diarrhea, conjunctivitis, hypertension, alopecia necrosis of surrounding tissues during estvasation.
Antineoplastic hormonal agents, their analogues and antagonists
Tamoxifen
Side effects: Nausea, vomiting, hot flashes, itching of the skin, vaginal bleeding, edema, thrombocytopenia (without a tendency to bleeding). With prolonged therapy with high doses: visual disturbances, changes in the conjunctiva and in the retina, bone tenderness in the presence of metastases in them, cystoid changes in the ovaries (in women in the premenopausal period), suppression of the menstrual cycle.
Viturid is an immunomodulator with an antitumor effect.
Side effects: Minimal, even with prolonged use. Possible: the appearance of a polymorphic rash, an increase in temperature in hypersensitive patients; transient diarrhea in persons with diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, individual intolerance.
Major side effects of anticancer drugs
Adverse drug reactions occupy an important place in the structure of morbidity and mortality. Recent calculations in the United States have shown that more than 1 million hospitalized patients develop complications of drug therapy annually and cause the death of about 180 thousand people. The economic cost of drug-related morbidity and mortality in the United States is $ 136-177.4 billion per year. In a special study, it was shown that antibiotics and anticancer chemotherapeutic agents cause about 30% of all adverse reactions, anticoagulants and cardiovascular drugs - 20%. Inhibition of bone marrow function, bleeding, skin and central nervous system lesions account for about 60% of all undesirable effects of drugs.
Aerosol Methotrexate-LENS.
From the hematopoietic system: leukopenia, neutropenia, lymphopenia (especially T-lymphocytes), thrombocytopenia, anemia.
From the digestive system: anorexia, nausea, vomiting, stomatitis, gingivitis, glossitis, pharyngitis; rarely - enteritis, diarrhea, ulcerative lesions of the gastrointestinal tract, gastrointestinal bleeding; in some cases (with prolonged daily use) - impaired liver function, increased activity of hepatic transaminases, periportal fibrosis and cirrhosis of the liver, liver necrosis, fatty liver disease, pancreatitis.
From the side of the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system: encephalopathy (with the introduction of multiple doses intrathecally, radiation therapy in the skull region), fatigue, weakness, confusion, ataxia, tremors, irritability, convulsions, coma; with intrathecal administration of methotrexate - dizziness, blurred vision, headache, back pain, stiff neck, convulsions, paralysis, hemiparesis.
From the respiratory system: rarely - interstitial pneumonitis, pulmonary fibrosis, exacerbation of lung infections.
From the urinary system: cystitis, nephropathy, impaired renal function (increased creatinine levels, hematuria).
On the part of the reproductive system: violation of the process of oogenesis, spermatogenesis, decreased libido / impotence, changes in fertility, teratogenic effects.
From the senses: conjunctivitis, excessive lacrimation, cataracts, photophobia, cortical blindness (when used in high doses), visual impairment.
Dermatological reactions: skin erythema and / or rash, pruritus, telangiectasia, furunculosis, depigmentation or hyperpigmentation, acne, skin peeling, folliculitis, alopecia (rarely), exacerbation of radiation dermatitis.
Allergic reactions; fever, chills, rash, urticaria, anaphylaxis, malignant exudative erythema (Stevens-Johnson syndrome), toxic epidermal necrolysis (Lyell's syndrome), photosensitivity.
Others: immunosuppression (decreased resistance to infectious diseases), malaise, osteoporosis, hyperuricemia, vasculitis, arthralgia / myalgia.
From the hematopoietic system: often - leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, anemia; very rarely - thrombocytosis.
From the digestive system: very often - nausea, vomiting, increased activity of hepatic transaminases, alkaline phosphatase; often - anorexia, diarrhea, constipation, stomatitis, increased bilirubin levels.
From the urinary system: very often - mild proteinuria and hematuria; rarely - renal failure, clinical signs and symptoms similar to hemolytic uremic syndrome (decreased hemoglobin levels, thrombocytopenia, increased levels of bilirubin, creatinine, urea and / or LDH in serum).
Dermatological reactions: often - skin rash, pruritus, alopecia.
From the respiratory system: very often - shortness of breath; often - cough, rhinitis; sometimes - bronchospasm, interstitial pneumonia, pulmonary edema; rarely, acute respiratory distress syndrome.
From the side of the cardiovascular system: rarely - lowering blood pressure, myocardial infarction, heart failure, arrhythmia.
From the side of the central nervous system: often - headache, drowsiness, insomnia.
Others: very often - flu-like syndrome, peripheral edema; often - fever, chills, asthenia, back pain, myalgia; sometimes - swelling of the face; very rarely - anaphylactic reactions.
Fluoro-uracil Roche.
Anorexia, nausea, vomiting, stomatitis, inflammation of the mucous membranes, diarrhea, bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract, alopecia, rash, dermatitis, erythema of the palms and soles, hyperpigmentation, photosensitivity, urticaria, chest pains, cardiac arrhythmias, myocardial infarction, ischemia, outcome), ataxia, dysarthria, nystagmus, impaired spatial awareness, confusion, euphoria, optic neuritis, leukopenia, neutropenia, anemia, thrombocytopenia, hemolytic anemia, agranulocytosis, pancytopenia; excessive tearing, stenosis of the lacrimal tubules, bronchial spasm, anaphylactic shock.
From the digestive system: ulcerative stomatitis, anorexia, gingivitis, pharyngitis, nausea are possible; rarely - diarrhea, melena, enteritis, pancreatitis; in some cases (with prolonged daily use) - liver necrosis, cirrhosis, fatty atrophy, periportal liver fibrosis.
From the hematopoietic system: leukopenia, anemia, thrombocytopenia.
From the side of the central nervous system: feeling tired, dizziness; rarely - headache, aphasia, drowsiness, convulsions.
Reproductive system disorders: disorders of oogenesis and spermatogenesis, oligospermia, menstrual irregularities, decreased libido, impotence.
From the urinary system: hematuria, cystitis, severe renal dysfunction.
Allergic reactions: chills, decreased resistance to infection; rarely - urticaria, toxic epidermal necrolysis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome.
Dermatological reactions: skin rash, photosensitivity, pigmentation disorders, telangiectasia, acne, furunculosis.
Side effects when using cytostatics and their mechanism of development
anticancer drug interferon oncological
The mechanism of development of vomiting in response to the introduction of cytostatics is currently associated with the release of serotonin (5HT3) from enterochromaffin-like cells in the mucous membrane of the small intestine, which leads to irritation of afferent fibers of the vagus nerve and the release of serotonin in the fundus of the IV ventricle of the brain. Cytostatics also have a direct effect on this zone when they enter here with blood. The binding of serotonin to the receptor in this zone leads to the activation of the vomiting center in the reticular formation of the cerebellum, excitation of the efferent fibers of the vagus nerve and, as a consequence, the emergence of a feeling of nausea and a vomiting reflex. Many cytostatics have a toxic effect on the skin and its appendages. Most cytostatics are characterized by the development of alopecia associated with the suppression of the proliferation of hair follicle cells. The degree of alopecia ranges from thinning hair to alopecia totalis (loss of hair on all parts of the body). Especially often (in almost all patients), total alopecia develops with the use of doxorubicin; when using other cytostatics, it is observed in 10–50% of patients. Alopecia is reversible. After the cessation of the action of the drug, the proliferation of hair follicle cells is restored and hair growth begins until the complete restoration of the hairline in 3-6 months. Side effects from the skin are most often in the nature of an allergic reaction (erythema, rash, pruritus) and are possible with the use of any cytostatic. With capecitabine treatment, selective desquamation, edema, hyperemia of the skin of the feet and hands (the so-called hand-plantar syndrome) occurs quite often (in about 35% of cases). Occasionally, this syndrome develops with the use of other fluorinated pyrimidines and some targeted drugs. Other relatively rare manifestations of the toxic effect of cytostatics on the skin are hyperpigmentation, photosensitization, nail changes, which are most often observed during treatment with 5-fluorouracil. Cardiotoxicity is characteristic of anthracycline antibiotics (doxorubicin) (frequency up to 7-15%); when using other cytostatics, it is rarely observed. Cardiotoxicity is manifested by the development of cardiomyopathy with congestive heart failure that is resistant to conventional treatments. The development of cardiomyopathy during treatment with anthracycline antibiotics is the result of direct and indirect action of drugs on cardiomyocytes. Direct damage to myocytes is realized by binding of drugs and / or their metabolites with contractile proteins of myocytes, lysis of myofibrils, damage to mitochondria, disturbance of intracellular calcium concentration, binding to membrane lipids, death cells, which ultimately leads to apoptosis of cardiomyocytes. All these damages lead to impaired contractility and extensibility of the myocardium. Neurotoxicity is one of the serious complications from the use of some cytostatics. Among the drugs described above, most often (up to 50% of patients) this side effect is observed with the use of platinum preparations, taxanes. The manifestations of neurotoxicity are peripheral neuropathy (parasthesia, myalgia, motor weakness), hearing impairment (ototoxicity - in the treatment of cisdiamide dichloroplatin), dysesthesia of the perioral region and the pharyngo-laryngeal tract, arising or exacerbated by cold (in the treatment of oxalipliplatin antidesychotics). there are no such complications yet. Hepatotoxicity is fundamentally possible with treatment with any cytostatic, but most often it occurs with the use of fluorinated pyrimidines and is manifested by an increase in the level of transaminases and, less often, by slight hyperbilirubinemia, which are usually stopped when the drug is stopped or doses are reduced. A serious side effect of a number of cytostatics is nephrotoxicity associated with damage to the proximal, less often distal tubules and glomeruli. Damage to the renal tubules is due to the reabsorption of high concentrations of cytostatics and their metabolites from the glomerular filtrate. Intravenous administration of many cytostatics (most often when using doxorubicin, mitomycin C) leads to reactions from the veins (phlebitis, thrombophlebitis, phlebosclerosis), usually after repeated administration of cytostatics into the same vein. Clinical manifestations of the toxic effect of cytostatics on veins are varied - from pain along the vein already during injection to subacute phlebitis, thrombophlebitis with an outcome in vein obliteration. There is skin pigmentation along the vessels proximal to the injection site.
Photos of side effects
Ways to eliminate cancer
The problem of cancer is in the focus of attention of researchers from international institutions. Early diagnosis of cancer is an important issue. Already all women are recommended to constantly undergo examination in antenatal clinics and not try to solve their emerging problems with self-medication.
Already no one doubts that the main reasons for the occurrence of such an insidious disease as cancer are in weak immunity, in the pollution of the body, in improper diet, in the constant destruction of the nervous system due to stress. Belief in a cure gives hope for recovery and gives strength to find ways, first of all, to strengthen the immune system, to cleanse the body.
Start cleansing the body, make a menu of medical nutrition and drink structured water. The Nobel Prize for the discovery of the mechanism of occurrence and development of cancer was awarded to the German doctor Ott Warburg. He proved that cancer occurs only when there is a lack of oxygen in a person's blood.
FORMATION OF CANCER IS A BIOCHEMICAL PROCESS
The sequence of events in the human body that lead to cancer is complex and variable. A combination of genetic factors, environmental influences and lifestyle factors include the transformation of a normal cell into a pathological (abnormal) cell in the form of a benign tumor, various fibroids, and then into a pathological cell - a cancerous one (which develops through direct division).
In most cases, the process of forming a cancer cell occurs when the genetic process responsible for cell division within the cell itself becomes defective. This can happen by accident (when the genetic process fails) or because a cancer-causing substance - a carcinogen - has been introduced into the body, or is produced by the body itself.
Our bodies are exposed to carcinogens all the time: many of them are found naturally in the air we breathe, the food we eat, and the water we drink. Others are found in tobacco, in manufacturing ingredients, and in the form of a virus. Our body is designed so that at any moment, the forming cancer cells are eliminated by the immune system before they cause any harm to our body, or create any biochemical damage. Sometimes, however, the body's defensive function refuses to detect a newly formed cancer cell when it is weakened, the carcinogen is activated inside the cell of the body and permanently damages the genetic process. If damage has occurred, then the cell can no longer function properly as normal. This leads to the fact that the rate of its development increases and its divisibility and abnormality multiplies, since this damaged genetic process contains this abnormality and it can be transmitted further during the division of this cell.
At the same time, the division of a cancer cell does not occur according to the type - daughter and mother, but only according to the type of mother, that is, without the transfer of genetic material responsible for the future development of the cell.
At this stage of the formation of disorders, the damaged cell is not yet fully formed cancer (only benign formations - fibroids are created): in fact, cancer can never develop at all at this stage. To become cancerous, abnormal cells must reproduce to such an extent that they begin to replace normal cells or threaten the functioning of healthy cells or organs. For some cancers, this can be many years - up to 10-20 or more. At this time, other factors play a role, which determines how quickly the damaged cells will divide. This process can speed up, slow down, or even be stopped altogether before cancer forms.
Some factors, called inhibitors (retardants), slow down the process, while other factors, called activators, accelerate the multiplication of damaged cells, and thus the development of cancer is stimulated when the body's defenses are reduced.
A large body of research from the American Institute for Cancer Research (AICR) and the International Cancer Research Foundation (WCRF) shows that many foods and spirits contain nutrients and compounds that are likely to help the body's natural defense mechanisms to destroy carcinogens before than they damage cells, and thereby reduce the risk of cancer.
Continuous consumption of certain foods can also stop or even reverse the development of cancer cells.
These nutrients and components are found in abundance in many vegetables and fruits, as well as other plant foods.
On the other hand, it has been scientifically proven that there are food and alcoholic beverages that, if consumed regularly, can increase the risk of cancer.
It is obvious that alcohol (alcohol), provokes the development of various cancers; eating a lot of salt increases the risk of stomach cancer; Diets high in beef and lamb, as well as high-fat diets, increase the likelihood of individual cancers just because they increase the risk of obesity - especially in physically inactive people.
Cancer is basically a preventable disease. Many people think that curing cancer is just a matter of chance, while others are afraid that they are associated with this disease and are afraid to develop this disease further, but the truth is optimistic: in the early stages of development, cancer is largely preventable. disease.
Although methods have recently emerged that made the early detection, diagnosis and treatment of cancer possible, cancer prevention is most likely the most effective way to fight cancer.
Cancer is such a complex disease at the genetic level that no one can be given a reliable guarantee against it, since the occurrence of cancer is mainly associated with malnutrition and metabolism in the patient's body. At the same time, the formation of cancer cells in each person proceeds purely individually and it is impossible to give unambiguous recipes for its elimination at later stages of development.
Earlier it was found that cancer manifests itself only after prolonged malfunctioning of the body associated with a violation of carbohydrate metabolism. It is necessary to balance food and alcohol so that by consuming them every day and following the correct lifestyle, you can prevent the development of cancer cells. These recommendations are all the more necessary to follow if a person had cancer and underwent radiation or chemotherapy. Individuals with a family history of cancer should also follow these guidelines. At the same time, when these recommendations are followed, the risk of developing heart and other diseases is reduced, and a person gradually becomes practically healthy.
Prevention of side effects of anticancer therapy
Antineoplastic drugs are toxic not only for patients, but also for healthy cells, as a result of which their use causes systemic side effects, for the prevention of which various drugs are effectively used.
Unfortunately, cytotoxic drugs cannot always remain sterile. Basic biochemical processes (such as protein biosynthesis) proceed differently in bacteria and in humans. Therefore, if a particular drug has a toxic effect on human tumor cells, it does not necessarily have a cytotoxic effect on bacteria. Longer shelf life of opened vials can ensure the presence of preservatives in the solution. Indeed, the literature contains a number of examples of bacterial growth in media with anticancer drugs. Solutions of cytotoxic drugs are made under aseptic conditions, however, their contamination with microorganisms cannot be ruled out - for example, the packaging of drugs outside is non-sterile. In addition to sterility, chemical stability problems can also arise. A number of drugs have limited solution stability upon dilution and can undergo hydrolysis, photolysis, etc. Therefore, ready-made solutions should be prepared immediately before use. To comply with safety measures such as protection from light, it is necessary to use special infusion sets or special concentrations of drugs.
In order to detect hypersensitivity reactions, patients should be carefully monitored, especially during the first and second infusions. The development of hypersensitivity reactions is possible in the very first minutes of the Taxotere® infusion. Mild manifestations of hypersensitivity (facial redness or localized skin reactions) do not require interruption of the drug administration. Severe hypersensitivity reactions (decreased blood pressure, bronchospasm or generalized rash / erythema) require immediate discontinuation of the drug administration and the adoption of appropriate therapeutic measures to relieve these complications. Reuse of Taxotere® in these patients is not permitted.
In patients receiving docetaxel monotherapy at a dose of 100 mg / m2 and having a high activity of serum transaminases (ALT and / or AST), more than 1.5 times higher than ULN, in combination with an increase in serum alkaline phosphatase levels by more than 2.5 times higher than ULN, the risk of developing severe side effects is extremely high: sepsis, gastrointestinal bleeding, febrile neutropenia, infections, thrombocytopenia, stomatitis and asthenia. In this regard, in such patients with increased liver function indices, the recommended dose of Taxotere® is 75 mg / m2; liver function tests should be determined prior to initiation of therapy and before each subsequent cycle of Taxotere® therapy. In patients with elevated bilirubin levels and / or increased ALT and AST activity (\u003e 3.5 ULN) in combination with an increase in alkaline phosphatase levels more than 6 times higher than ULN, Taxotere® is not recommended. There are currently no data on the use of Taxotere® in combination with other drugs in patients with impaired liver function.
Due to the possibility of fluid retention, careful monitoring of patients with effusion into the pleural cavity, pericardium, or with ascites is necessary. When edema appears, restriction of salt and drinking regimen and the appointment of diuretics.
With combination therapy with docetaxel, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide, the risk of developing acute leukemia is comparable to that with treatment regimens containing anthracycline / cyclophosphamide.
During and for at least 3 months after discontinuation of therapy, it is necessary to prevent pregnancy.
Care should be taken when using and preparing solutions of the drug. Use of gloves is recommended. If the concentrate, premixed solution or solution for infusion gets on the skin, it should be thoroughly washed with soap and water; the mucous membranes are washed with water.
Literature
1. Mashkovsky M.D. Medicines. In 2 volumes, vol. 2. 11th ed. erased. M. Medicine, 1988, 576 p.
2. Patent PCT 92/10197.
3. Veterinary legislation. / Ed. HELL. Tretyakov. T. 2.M. Kolos, 1972, 719 p.
4. Veterinary drugs. Directory / Comp. At 39 L.P. Malanie and others / Ed. HELL. Tretyakov. M. Agromproizdat, 1988, 319 p.
5. Chemotherapy of malignant tumors. / Under. ed. N.N. Blokhin. M. Medicine, 1977, 320 p.
6. Experimental evaluation of anticancer drugs in the USSR and the USA. / Ed. Z.P. Sofyina, A.B. Syrkin (USSR), A. Goldin, A. Klein (USA). M. Medicine, 1979, 296 p.
7. Corman D.B. Fundamentals of anticancer chemotherapy .. M.: Practical Medicine, 2006; 503 s.
8. Drug therapy of tumors. Ed. M.L. Gershanovich and M.A. Blank. S.Ptb. NIKA, 2009, 626 p.
9. Guidelines for chemotherapy of tumor diseases. Ed. N.I. Translator. M., Practical Medicine, 2005; 695 s.
10. Encyclopedia of Medicines. 17th edition. M .: OOO "RLS", 2009, 1438 p.
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Anticancer drugs are drugs used to treat cancer. Drug therapy does not replace surgical and radiation methods of treatment, but complements them and only in some tumor diseases can it be used as the only treatment method, for example, in leukemia, lymphogranulomatosis, reticulosarcomatosis, myeloma, uterus.
Antineoplastic drugs that have received practical application in oncology are usually divided into the following groups: 1) hormonal drugs (, corticosteroids);
2) alkylating agents - chloroethylamines (embikhin, novembichin, dopan, degranol, novembitol,), ethyleneimines (dipin, benzotef, fluorobenzotef), methanesulfonides (myelosan), epoxides;
3) antimetabolites - purine antagonists (6-mercaptopurine), pyrimidine antagonists (), antagonists (methotrexate); 4) substances of plant origin - vinca alkaloids (vinblastine, vincristine), colhamin; 5) antitumor antibiotics (actyaomycins C and D, olivomycin, bruneomycin, rubomycin); 6) other drugs (Natulan, Orthopara DDD).
The main condition providing the antitumor effect is the preferential accumulation of drugs (except for hormones) in the tumor compared to normal tissues.
Modern anticancer substances do not possess sufficient selectivity and therefore they have to be administered in large doses, despite the fact that the difference between their maximum therapeutic and minimum toxic doses is less than that of most other drugs. In this regard, with anticancer drug therapy, side effects and complications often occur. They are expressed in a depressing effect on the hematopoietic tissue (leukopenia,), damage to the mucous membranes of the digestive tract (,), vomiting, dermatitis, inhibition of spermatogenesis, violation of the ovulatory cycle, etc.
Given the high toxicity of anticancer drugs, a prerequisite for their use is strict adherence to the instructions for use and constant monitoring of their tolerance, dynamic monitoring of the readings of the number of leukocytes in the peripheral blood, identification of the first signs of damage to the mucous membranes of the digestive tract, etc.
Contraindications to the use of anticancer drugs: leuko- and thrombocytopenia, severe insufficiency of the function of parenchymal organs (liver, kidneys), etc.
The methods of administration of anticancer drugs are different. Substances that are injected only intravascularly cause necrosis when they get under the skin (embihin, novembichin, vinblastine). Other drugs can be administered intravenously and intramuscularly (cyclophosphamide, thiophosphamide).
There are drugs that are used orally (mercaptopurine), as well as those that are used parenterally and orally (sarcolysin, cyclophosphamide, methotrexate).
As a rule, the use of anticancer drugs is carried out as prescribed by a specialist doctor and under his supervision.
Antineoplastic agents are drugs used for the drug treatment of malignant tumors. Antineoplastic agents belong to different classes of chemical compounds and have different mechanisms of action.
The largest group is made up of drugs for the alkylating action, which consists in the addition of a substance at the site of the released valence of the carbon atom to the most important constituents of the cell - DNA, RNA, proteins and phospholipids. It is assumed that due to the attachment of the drug to two nearby DNA points, the high-polymer molecule breaks into smaller parts, as a result of which DNA cannot perform its functions during mitosis, the transfer of genetic information, and as a regulator of protein synthesis. As a result, as well as due to energy disturbance, tumor cells lose their viability. The side effect of alkylating substances consists mainly in the inhibition of hematopoiesis, which is based on the same process of chemical reaction with DNA of undifferentiated cells of the myeloid and lymphoid series. Nevertheless, many alkylating substances have a certain selectivity of action on some malignant tumors, that is, they affect them more strongly than on hematopoietic tissues.
The first drug with an alkylating action was embihin - methyl-di- (2-chloroethyl) amine hydrochloride (synonym: HN 2, Dichloren, Mustargen, dimitan). Its therapeutic effect in lymphogranulomatosis, chronic leukemia, reticulosarcoma was first established by American authors. In the USSR, embikhin was replaced by a drug close to it novembikhin (see), which has the same therapeutic effect, but milder side effects. The drug is still used in the treatment of lymphogranulomatosis and chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
Japanese authors have proposed the drug nitromine, which is an embihin oxide. The drug is used in Japan and some European countries. Austrian scientists have shown that with the systematic use of nitromine after surgical removal of lung cancer, the percentage of relapses decreases.
Chlorbutin (chlorambucil), dopan, degranol are also effective for lymphogranulomatosis, chronic leukemia and reticulosarcoma. The first two are convenient because they are taken orally in tablets.
Dopan is a domestic original drug representing 4-methyl-5-di- (2-chloroethyl) aminouracil. It is used in a single dose of 8-10 mg (4-5 tablets) once every 5 days. The total dose is 50-80 mg. Side effects were noted - nausea, sometimes vomiting, inhibition of hematopoiesis. The course of treatment ends when the number of leukocytes in the blood drops to 3000. To prevent nausea and vomiting, it is recommended to use dopan after dinner and give Nembutal or chlorpromazine at night.
Degranol, proposed in Hungary, is 1,6-di- (chloroethyl) -amino-1,6-deoxymannite dihydrochloride. It is used intravenously in a single dose of 100 mg every other day. The total dose for the course is 500-1000 mg.
It has been proven that with the help of novembichin and dopane, with correct and persistent treatment started in the early stages of lymphogranulomatosis, positive long-term results of treatment can be obtained (life expectancy is 5 and 10 years from the start of treatment).
In the USSR, the drug sarcolysin (a chloroethylamino derivative of phenylalanine), also synthesized in England, was proposed. Sarcolysin (see) was the first drug of a new group in which the carrier of the alkylating (chloroethylamine) group is a metabolite (an essential amino acid). The spectrum of action of sarcolysin differs from the drugs that preceded it. Sarcolysin is effective for seminoma metastases, multiple myeloma, reticulosarcomas of soft tissues and bones, esophageal cancer (together with colhamine), melanoma (use by perfusion), ovarian cancer (with intra-abdominal injections). In Germany, the drug endoxan (cyclophosphamide) was invented, which also has a fairly broad spectrum of action; the drug itself is inactive, but turns into an active compound in the body. Endoxan is mainly activated in the liver. It is used for lymphogranulomatosis, chronic and acute leukemia, lymphoreticulosarcoma, lung, breast and ovarian cancer. Cyclophosphamide has a relatively weak side effect and is well tolerated by patients.
A group of alkylating agents similar to di- (2-chloroethyl) amines in terms of the mechanism of action is ethyleneimines. These include the drug TEM (TET), which is triethylene melamine. It has an effect on chronic lymphocytic leukemia, lymphogranulomatosis, ovarian and lung cancer. In the USSR, TEM was not introduced into practice due to the presence of side effects. Etymidine (see), proposed in the USSR, is used mainly for ovarian cancer. In Germany, ethyleneimino derivatives of benzoquinone have been developed - E-39, A-139, and tretimon. They have an effect on chronic leukemia, lymphogranulomatosis and some other tumors.
Ethylene phosphoramides constitute a special group of ethyleneimines. The main representative is TIO-TEP [thiophosphamide (see)], which is used in breast cancer, ovarian cancer and some other tumors (for example, in combination with surgical treatment of lung cancer). Ethyleneimines are also proposed and used in the USSR: benzotef (see) - mainly for ovarian cancer, dipin and thiodipine (see) - for lymphocytic leukemia.
Dipin is an original domestic drug, which is 1,4-dipiperazine. It is used intravenously in a single dose of 10-15 mg every other day with a total dose of up to 200 mg. The therapeutic effect of dipin is described not only for lymphocytic leukemia, but also for metastases of hypernephroma in the lungs.
The class of alkylating substances includes mielosan (see), otherwise milleran, the representative of sulfonoxy compounds proposed in England. Mielosan has earned general recognition as the most effective drug in chronic myeloid leukemia.
The second important group of anticancer drugs is made up of the so-called antimetabolites - compounds that participate in metabolism due to their similarity with normal metabolic participants - metabolites. Owing to this similarity, antimetabolites can occupy the places intended for metabolites at the active centers of enzymes and form a more or less stable complex with an apoenzyme or coenzyme. As a result, the corresponding enzymatic reaction is inhibited (at one stage or another). The bond strength of the antimetabolite with the enzyme determines the nature of its action.
The first antimetabolite that found practical application was aminopterin (a 4-amino derivative of folic acid).
Later, a more effective ametopterin (methotrexate) was obtained. These drugs inhibit the synthesis of nucleic acids in cells. Initially, their effectiveness was established in acute leukemia in children. Subsequently, the effect of methotrexate in metastases of uterine chorionepithelioma to the lungs was discovered. With prolonged intra-arterial infusion, methotrexate can cause regression of squamous cell cancers (cervix, head and neck tumors). The second drug of the group of antimetabolites - 6-mercaptopurine - is the most effective in the treatment of acute leukemia and can cause remission of the disease not only in children, but also in adults. 6-Mercantopurine is administered orally in tablets daily at 2.5 mg / kg for 3-8 weeks or more until remission occurs. If after 4 weeks from the start of treatment, there is no improvement and there are no side effects, the dose is gradually increased to 0.5 mg / kg. In the treatment of acute leukemia, 6-mercaptopurine is used in combination with other anticancer drugs and prednisolone. The third antimetabolite, 5-fluorouracil, has a broad spectrum of antitumor effects. It inhibits the synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid and, being incorporated into ribonucleic acid, makes it "fake". As a result, tumor cells lose their viability.
Unlike alkylating agents, 5-fluorouracil can be effective in primary adenocarcinomas of a number of organs: stomach, pancreas, liver, colon and rectum, breast, ovaries. Fluorouracil enhances the effect of ionizing radiation on tumors and therefore, in combination with radiation therapy, has an effect on lung cancer. Fluorouracil is a very important anticancer drug, since it can provide a therapeutic effect in the most common tumors (stomach cancer, etc.).
The third group of drugs is antitumor antibiotics. Of these, actinomycins were used (see) Si D. The first one gives an effect at the early stages of lymphogranulomatosis. The domestic version is called aurantin. Actinomycin D is effective in uterine chorionepithelioma (especially in combination with methotrexate), in metastases of a renal tumor (Wilms), and in children in combination with radiation treatment and in some other tumors. In chorionepithelioma, the domestic antibiotic chrysomallin is very active.
The antibiotic mitomycin C, containing an alkylating group, according to Japanese authors, has a positive effect on breast, stomach and lung cancer, metastases of osteosarcoma. Domestic drugs close to antibiotics (crucin and neocide) are used in the treatment of advanced stages of malignant tumors as symptomatic agents.
Colchamine and vinblastine form a group of herbal preparations. Kolkhamin was isolated from the crocus by domestic authors. It is deacetylmethylcolchicine. When administered orally, a single dose is 4-5 mg every other day. When applied topically (in an ointment), colhamin can only cure skin cancer at an early stage. In combination with sarcolysin, it has an effect on esophageal cancer. Vinblastine and close to it vincristine have a positive effect on lymphogranulomatosis, acute leukemia, chorionepithelioma and some other tumors. The preparation made from the birch mushroom "chaga" is used for various tumors as a symptomatic remedy.
The last group of anticancer drugs consists of hormones and hormone-like substances. Hormonal drugs act on tumors mainly not directly, but by influencing the endocrine organs and some aspects of metabolism in the body. The first group of hormonal drugs is made up, that is, substances with the action of the female sex hormone (see). These include sinestrol, diethylstilbestrol, estradiol, honvan (fosfestrol), estradurin, etc. They are used to treat prostate cancer and breast cancer (in older women). It is assumed that the action of estrogens is carried out through inhibition of the secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone of the pituitary gland. The second group is androgens (substances with the action of the male sex hormone). These include testosterone propionate (for intramuscular administration), methyltestosterone, methylandrostenediol, 2a-methyldihydrotestosterone. They are used for breast cancer in relatively young women. The corpus luteum hormones progesterone and hydroxyprogesterone-capronate (Dalyutin) can be used in the treatment of breast and uterine cancer. The third group of hormonal drugs are corticosteroids (see), cortisone, prednisone, prednisolone, fluorohydrocortisone, etc. Corticosteroids are used in the treatment of acute leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, lymphogranulomatosis and breast cancer.
The effect produced by anticancer drugs depends on the sensitivity of a given tumor to a particular drug, the stage of the disease, in particular on the volume of tumor tissue, on whether there is only a primary tumor or metastases, or both, on the general state of the body, and on the applied treatment methods. In some patients, the effect is only subjective and is expressed in an improvement in the general condition, relieving pain, in others, the temperature decreases, cough decreases, and the patency of the ppschp improves (for example, in cancer of the esophagus and stomach), but the objective indicators of the state of the tumor remain the same (symptomatic effect). In the third group of patients, a decrease in the size (regression) of tumors occurs until they disappear completely (an objective effect).
Most drugs that have an objective effect give it only for tumors of a certain localization and histological structure and, moreover, not for all patients, which depends on the biochemical characteristics of different tumors of the same organ. In some cases, the drug acts better on metastases than on primary tumors (for example, sarcolysin with seminoma), in others, the primary tumor reacts more strongly (for example, stomach cancer with the use of 5-fluorouracil). The resulting objective effect can be very short-term, especially with insignificant tumor regression, and lasts from several weeks to several months. With complete regression of some tumors, a stable effect can be obtained for a period of 3-5 years or more. This kind of result, conventionally referred to as a clinical cure, was obtained, for example, as a result of the use of colchamin for skin cancer, sarcolysin - for seminoma, multiple myeloma, reticulosarcomas of bones, dopan - for lymphogranulomatosis, methotrexate - for metastases of chorionepithelioma. Antineoplastic agents are used both independently and in combination with surgical and radiation treatment. It was found that actinomycin D (chrysomallin) and 5-fluoro-uracpl potentiate the effect of ionizing radiation on some tumors. There is evidence that the use of certain drugs (Nitromin, endoxan, TIO-TEF) after surgical removal of lung cancer reduces the percentage of relapses and metastases. Postoperative chemotherapy for other malignant tumors is underdeveloped.
To obtain the greatest therapeutic effect, the method of using anticancer drugs is essential. Due to the insufficiently high selectivity of the action of existing drugs, in most cases it is necessary to use the maximum tolerated dose, the achievement of which is determined by the appearance of side effects (a decrease in the number of leukocytes and platelets with alkylating agents, phenomena from the oral cavity and gastrointestinal tract with antimetabolites, etc.). To increase the therapeutic effect and weaken side effects, in some cases, regional administration of drugs is used - intracavitary, intra-arterial infusion and perfusion (see Perfusion of isolated organs). At present, intensive work is underway to create new anticancer agents. with a higher selectivity and a different spectrum of antitumor action.
Review of anticancer folk remedies from phyto-therapist Suleimanova.Summary of the article:
1) Antineoplastic ointments,
2) Antineoplastic plants,
3) Antineoplastic fungi,
4) Antineoplastic teas,
5) Antineoplastic tinctures,
6) Antineoplastic dietary supplements,
7) Antineoplastic agents of plant origin.
Antineoplastic ointments
And so very often I advise people who are faced with oncology anticancer ointments based on herbal poisons. In this situation, a very good ointment from the grass hemlock is spotted. In this article, it will still be written about this plant, as the main antitumor folk remedy in the CIS. In some European countries, this drug is officially used in the treatment of cancer, but so far there is no such thing in our country, most likely it is not profitable for pharmaceutical companies to produce a drug that in many cases helps patients. It's not for me to judge them.
Hemlock-based anticancer ointment is used in the treatment of skin cancer, breast cancer and other types of cancer when the tumor is close to the skin and alkaloids can easily penetrate through the skin to the formation.
Second, anticancer folk remedy on the basis of hemlock, oil can be made, which, like the ointment, is used to treat cancer. In order to prepare such oil on a hemlock, we need to take a dry hemlock, pour it into a glass jar and fill it with oil. Put in a dark place for six months, after which it can be used for treatment.
Antineoplastic plants
On the territory of Russia and the CIS, we grow many medicinal plants that can be used as antitumor plants. These plants include:
Herbs Aconite Dzungarian, collected in Central Asia high in the mountains;
Spotted hemlock, it is also desirable that it be collected high in the mountains;
Cocklebur grass;
The grass is elecampane;
The herb is celandine.
It makes no sense to write many herbs, otherwise you will get even more confused, but these are the main anticancer plants that can be used in the treatment of cancer.
Why does the article focus on collecting herbs high in the mountains? It's no secret that plants that grow in difficult conditions are much stronger and more resilient than plants that grow, say, on the plains. You can also say about people, the same highlanders, who live longer. Therefore, the medicinal properties of such anticancer plants are much better. Let's talk about the Dzungarian aconite. There are many types of aconite, and aconite itself is used as a garden plant because of its beauty, but again it should not be confused with Dzhungarian aconite. Dzhungarian aconite itself is very poisonous, this poison is its medicinal property, therefore, before buying on the Internet, always ask where the raw materials came from and how it was collected. I collect Dzhungarian aconite high in the mountains.
You can also say about spotted hemlock grass. If it is collected high in the mountains, then the healing properties are also better. You can read more about the anticancer folk remedy hemlock tincture in the article below.
The herb celandine, cocklebur is also an anticancer plant and is often used in the treatment of oncology. Articles about them below.
Antineoplastic fungi
There is the so-called fungotherapy, that is, treatment with mushrooms. Yes, in my practice of treatment, I use tinctures from mushrooms and I advise people to drink one or another tincture for treatment. Anticancer fungi include:
Amanita mushroom;
Birch mushroom (chaga);
Reishi mushroom.
About the fly agaric mushroom, I can say that by action it behaves like a Dzungarian aconite and like a hemlock, since these plants and the mushroom are united by the presence of poisonous alkaloids, which give these plants and the mushroom poisonous properties. I'll tell you about amanita tincture in the topic antineoplastic tinctures.
Antitumor mushroom - birch mushroom, often used in folk medicine for treatment.
First soften the birch mushroom (chaga) (you can use warm water), then pass it through a blender or meat grinder, pour warm water in a ratio of 1 to 2 and insist for two days. Drink 600 gr. a day, that is, three times a day, 200 ml. Continue like this for 3 months
Preparation of a birch alkaline solution according to the following recipe: we take birch ash and place it in water (1: 5 ash / water ratio) and boiled for 10 minutes in a glass or enamel bowl. Then cool and drain. Method of treatment: dose: 50 g (8 tsp) solution mixed with milk or fruit juice, 3 times a day.
Diet, as with the above appointments, vegetable, dairy (sour milk must be consumed); exclude meat from the diet completely (in any form).
Reishi anti-tumor mushroom... The composition of the mushroom is quite complex. It contains trace elements: high levels of germanium, coumarins, vitamins, organic acids, polysaccharides. The most important compounds of the fungus are triterpenes, polysaccharides, ganodermic acids and germanium. It is these compounds that determine the medicinal properties of the fungus.
Healing properties of Reishi: immunomodulatory, sedative, anti-allergic, antispasmodic, lowering blood pressure, antitumor (due to activation of the immune system), expectorant, hypoglycemic, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory.
Applications of the mushroom. Make the tincture by this method: 10 grams of chopped mushroom is infused in 400 ml. vodka for 2 weeks. Take 1 st. l. 2-3 times a day 30 minutes before meals.
Reishi mushroom infusion is made according to the following recipe: 1 tbsp. l. crushed mushroom 700 ml. water, simmer for 60 minutes. Strain. Take 200 ml. decoction 3 times a day 30 minutes before meals.
Antineoplastic teas
For anticancer teas, I include herbal collections that can be drunk as infusions or as teas.
Here's one of the anti-cancer teas to drink to prevent cancer. Take 1 tablespoon of needles needles, 1 tablespoon of young sea buckthorn leaves, 1 teaspoon of chopped milk thistle fruit. Pour all the herbs with three cups of boiling water and simmer for 18-20 minutes over low heat. Then strain the broth. Take 0.5 cups instead of tea.
Second anticancer tea: Roots of burdock large - 30 g, Roots of burdock medicinal - 30 g, Roots of marsh cinquefoil - 30 g, Rhizome of peony evading - 30 g, Grass of bedstraw - 20 g, Stinging nettle leaves - 20 g, Herb common agaric - 20 g. Take one dessert spoon of a well-mixed collection of herbs and pour in boiling water, leave for 30 minutes. Drink like tea with honey, 2 - 3 times a day. A month later, the collection is changed.
Antineoplastic tinctures
I already wrote in the paragraph about anticancer plants, those plants that are used in the treatment of oncology. Antitumor tinctures are made from these plants.
Anticancer tinctures include tinctures:
Hemlock tincture;
Dzhungar aconite tincture;
Tincture of celandine;
Cocklebur tincture;
Amanita tincture;
Reishi mushroom tincture;
Chaga tincture,
Basically, in the treatment of oncology, poisonous tinctures are used. Why poisonous? As they say: poison is also a medicine and if used in moderation, it has a beneficial effect on the body. The main poisonous substance in poisonous tinctures is alkaloids. These are organic nitrogen-containing substances, which in their pure form are poison. Each plant or fungus has its own alkaloid. In hemlock it is konyin, in aconite it is aconitine, in fly agaric muscarine. They are different. That is why they say that it is better to drink a poisonous tincture up to a maximum of 8 months? The body gets used to poison, that is, the use of poison in the first month and in the tenth has different effectiveness. Why is it necessary to drink another poison during breaks, say, if you are taking a tincture of hemlock, then during a break it is necessary to drink aconite, but because, so that the body does not lose that reserve of immunity that it received from tincture of hemlock, another poison, another alkaloid, another effect. You also need to look at which poison is best for the patient. When taking hemlock, there may be a zero effect, since the body is such, well, it does not perceive this poison, then we change it to aconite, if it does not perceive it either, then we switch to mushroom tincture.
Plant-based antineoplastic agents
For anticancer drugs of plant origin, I include funds that are made from natural materials. Flaraxin can be attributed to such means.
Flaraxin is a herbal anticancer agent that is used in the treatment of oncology.
Other herbal antineoplastic agents:
Befungin
Vinblastine
Vincristine
Vinorelbin
Docetaxel
Irinotecan
Paclitaxel
Teniposide
Topotecan
Ukraine
Etoposide
Summing up this long article, you learned that treatment with folk remedies is a complex treatment that is complex. Just taking one tincture is good, but you still need to work with other herbs and herbal tinctures.
Be healthy!
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