Theory and practice. Therapeutic psychology. Theoretical aspect

Principles of psychological counseling.

To ensure the effectiveness and efficiency of psychological counseling, it is necessary to adhere to the following principles:

1. The principle of a kind and non-judgmental approach to the client, which conveys the expression of emotional warmth and courage, to accept the client as he is, without judging or condemning his norms, values, lifestyle and behavior Inku;
2. Protecting the confidentiality of our clients. This principle means that the psychologist keeps in storage everything that the client is struggling with, his special problems and living conditions (except for the problems that are covered by the law, about which the client is protected by the psychologist);
3. The principle of voluntariness means that the client himself turns to a psychologist, since he subjectively recognizes the difficulties in life and motivations before receiving psychological assistance;
4. The principle of professional motivation of a consultant means that he protects the interests of the client, and not other individuals or the organization, does not take sides with each participant in the conflict, and does not pre-emptively set;
5. The principle of seeing a psychologist in favor of prescriptions. The tasks include strengthening the client’s responsibility for those who are involved with him, encouraging him to be active in analyzing problems, searching for a way out of the crisis;
6. Separation of special and professional bearings. A psychologist cannot interact with a client no matter how special he is. A psychologist cannot establish friendly relations with a client, and also help friends and relatives.

The implementation of the principles of psychological counseling is possible for such minds (for R.S. Nemova):

1. A client who turns to a psychologist is guilty of a real problem of a psychological nature and is aware of the truth as it appears.
2. The consultant psychologist who was brutalized for help is guilty of providing psychological counseling and advanced professional psychological training.
3. Spending an hour on consultation may be sufficient to understand and find the optimal solution to the problem that the client is facing, as well as for a successful relationship with the client.
4. The client is responsible for strictly following the recommendations given by the consultant psychologist.
5. Creation of a friendly and positive psychological climate consultation.

The problem of separating special and professional lines.

It appears that a professional worker may have a strong influx of personality, especially the specific needs and concerns of a psychologist, as a result of the process of psychological assistance, and the client himself may also be overwhelmed by the effectiveness of this process. extensive psychological assistance. Various traces of these influxes will emerge.

This principle includes two aspects: firstly, it is not recommended to provide professional psychological assistance to relatives, friends and relatives, or to enter into friendly or sexual relationships with clients.

It is important for the consultant to understand that the preservation of his authority for the client is largely due to the fact that the other person knows little about him as a person, which does not provide a basis for either being buried by a psychologist or for condemning him as a special person. The establishment of close personal relationships between the consultant and the client leads to the point where people, like close people, begin to satisfy each other’s needs and desires, and the consultant can no longer maintain an objective and detached position, necessary One for effectively solving client problems.

Kind and value-free attention to the client and ways of reaching him.

Kindness is realized through respectful and sensitive communication with the client. It is described as both noble and active (or imposed) activity of the consultant, as well as primitive, or generous, spirit, and experience. Non-evaluation is one of the most important principles to implement. Valuelessness does not mean value, it conveys “respectful” neutrality and calm attention to the facts that are being reported.

Risk individuals, power to an effective consulting psychologist.

• showing deep interest in people and patience with them.
• sensitivity to the attitudes and behavior of other people;
• emotional stability and objectivity;
• the validity of the click to the trust of others;
• respect for the rights of other people.

• trust in people;
• respect for the values ​​of another person;
• penetration;
• daily advance;
• self-awareness;
• Knowledge of professional equipment.

1. Special maturity of the consultant. It is respectful that the consultant successfully solves his life problems, is open-minded, tolerant and generous to himself.

2. Social maturity of a consultant. It is respected that the consultant helps others effectively solve their problems, is open, tolerant and broad in their approach to clients.

3. The maturity of a consultant is a process, not a process. It is important to respect that it is impossible to be seen again and through.

Typical requests from a consulting psychologist and work with them.

Superturbo about the client. The client will recover from illness, who need their own walks - the words of the consultant, with respect, and with the drowning, who will need a ritual stake, far from the hopeless cats. The consultant is considered to be a warrior, a warrior, a guide. There is more and more distrust of the client's resources, and it is perceived as an unsatisfactory self-deception.

Over-self-worth of a consultant. It appears that the client is trying to realize the rights of the client. For example, the client is looking for a shoe, which is suitable for shoeing, because you have a good shoe and you can ride well. The consultant compares himself, for example, with a steelmaker, who directs the fire, melted metal in the direction it needs (to whom?). Or with a jeweler, a door keeper, whoever wants to bring peace to the client’s soul.

Podolannya of these two tendencies O.R. Bondarenko relates to the development of trust in newcomers to the “situation of unknown”, which often arises when dealing with an individual way of experiencing the world. Then the consultant will be open to understanding any forms of experience, attitudes, features of the client’s perceptual sphere. The consultant is guilty of learning to feel comfortable with a situation of uncertainty, without trying to know exactly what to expect with the client, trusting the natural course of each other.

Ethical aspects of psychological counseling.

Ethical aspects of psychological counseling. (behind Kociunas)

1. Secondary consultant:
in front of your client;
before members of the client's family;
before organizing, de vin;
in front of the hugeness (zagal);
in front of my profession.

2. The client is obliged to praise the decision about his entry before the process of psychological consultation is informed, then before the beginning of the consultation process, the consultant will give the client maximum information about the consultation process at the time of the first consultation :
about the main purposes of consultation;
about your qualifications;
about the approximate cost of consultation;
about the importance of consultation in this situation;
about the risk of time-consuming immersion in the client’s position during the consultation process;
about international confidentiality.

Confidentiality:
Information about the client may be collected only for professional purposes and only for the benefit of the client.
Materials of advisory consultations in a form in which they cannot harm the interests of the client, the consultant can benefit from his professional scientific and investment activities. The smells are not subject to confidentiality rules.
Focusing on the right of the client, who is well-intentioned and safe, the consultant in the past may not provide information about the client to law enforcement agencies, as this does not violate the rights of third parties.
Confidentiality is bounded by the consultant’s right to preserve the confidentiality and safety of his person.
Confidentiality is subject to the rights of third parties and communities. Find out how your confidentiality may be violated:
- evil acts (violence, violence, incest and the like) committed against minors,
- The need for hospitalization of the client,
- the fate of the client and other persons in common drugs and other criminal activities,
- promotional risks for the life of the client and other people

Many professions have their own principles and benefits, the implementation of which is obligatory for fakhivts. Failure to maintain professional principles in some countries (for example, in the USA) can lead to the loss of a diploma, the right to practice, and the position of one’s professional services.

It is worth remembering that we understand the principles of behavior of a consultant and that following them will ensure the integrity of professional activity, and will ensure the success of psychological infusion. However, it will not be for a long time that there will be unambiguous and simple evidence for ethical and moral problems that arise from the practice of psychological counseling.

You can see the following principles of psychological counseling:

1. Kind and value-free attitude towards the client.

Behind these formulas there is a whole complex of professional behavior aimed at making the client feel calm and comfortable upon arrival. A kindly attitude requires not only the continuation of illegally accepted norms of behavior, but also the ability to listen respectfully, give the necessary psychological support, not judge, but to gain understanding and help someone who is desperate for help.

2. Focus on the norms and values ​​of the client.

This principle bears in mind that a consultant, during the course of his work, must be guided not by socially accepted norms and rules, but by those living principles and ideals that the client holds. Effective influx is only possible when relying on the value system of the client himself, but the consultant’s critical attitude can lead to the fact that the person who came to the appointment withdraws, unable to be broad and open, and, therefore, to reveal the possibility of advisory influx be practically unrealizable. By accepting the client's values, respecting them and serving them diligently, the consultant can infuse them with the fact that they interfere with the normal functioning of a person.

You cannot give to clients for the sake of it. The stands for which are wide and varied. For us, even if it were not the life and professional evidence of a consultant, it is impossible to guarantee any other satisfaction: the life of each person is unique and unprepared. In addition, please, the consultant fully takes responsibility for those who are expected to do so, which does not accommodate the development of the particularity of the consultant and his adequate delivery to effectiveness. In such a situation, the consultant puts himself in the position of a “guru”, which can really harm the consultation, leading to the fact that the client, instead of active anger, has to deal with his life and change it, a passive and on top position is formed until is expected. In this case, any failures in implementation are expected to be attributed to the consultant as an authority, giving pleasure, which, naturally, respects the understanding of the client for his role in the activities that are being undertaken with her.

4. Anonymity.

The most important aspect of psychological counseling is its anonymity. This means that any information provided by the client to the consultant cannot be transferred without delay to any large or powerful organization, private person, including relatives and friends. This rule includes charges (about which the client will be liable in advance), specifically stipulated by law. This kind of blame can be applied to the situation if the consultant finds out that something is happening that poses a serious threat to one’s life.

5. Separation of special and professional bearings.

It is clear that there are many proven professional consultants who have lost their lives, moving from clients to friends, or trying to give professional help to their friends and closest relatives. This path is fraught with insecurity and not only because, apparently, there is no prophet in his ancestry, and any frank recommendations with loved ones are easily taken into account, but for many other reasons; about their actions will be said below.

In psychotherapy there are two important concepts that are of great importance for work with patients: a) “transference”, so that the client’s ability to transfer and project onto the psychotherapist and his notes with significant people, mainly problems and conflicts; b) “countertransference”, which is the skill of the psychotherapist to project his/her notes with significant people and the main internal problems and conflicts in the notes with the patient. These concepts, introduced into psychoanalysis by S. Freud, are today widely explored within the framework of various areas of psychotherapy (Freud Z., 1989). They mean that whatever human beings and such “special” notes that are formed within the framework of psychotherapy are under the influx of internal special needs, that is why people will not understand it at all. є. Moreover, the behavior of a professional psychotherapist often reveals itself as an “unprotected” countertransference. In order to understand, understand and take into account the vikorist’s method of analysis, one’s own countertransference, as well as a number of other special and inter-social phenomena, for a psychotherapist-beginner is of great importance and completing your personal analysis and long-term work with a supervisor.

That is, in a different way, these phenomena operate in the consultation process. In large part, saving the consultant’s authority for the client is due to the fact that the latter knows little about him as a person, and there is no basis for either hiding the consultant or condemning him as a special person. The establishment of close personal relationships between the consultant and the client leads to the point where people, like close people, begin to satisfy each other’s needs and desires, and the consultant can no longer maintain an objective and detached position, necessary One for effectively solving client problems.

6. Inclusion of the client before the consultation process

For the counseling process to be effective, the client must immediately feel as involved as possible in Rozmov, and vividly and emotionally experience everything that is discussed with the consultant. In order to ensure such inclusion, the consultant must ensure that the developments of the conversation appear logical and reasonable to the client, and also so that the person does not just “listen” to the faker, but is effectively helpful. Even if you have understood and understood everything that is being discussed, you can actively explore the implications of your situation, experience and analyze it.

It happens that when I receive the client, he immediately loses interest in those who are discussed, included, internally disagree, or don’t want to talk about it. In this situation, it is not possible to “increase the atmosphere”, to force it, to force everything “to the end”. In short, when a psychologist changes the topic, he tries to defuse the situation, preserving the involvement of the client’s interest before the consultation process and ensuring the productivity of the psychological influx.

Ethical aspects of psychological counseling.

The consultant, like other professionals, bears the same responsibility and responsibility. We are in front of the client. The client and the consultant are in a vacuum and a system of different drains, so the consultant is responsible to the members of the client’s family, to the organization in which he works, to the community and will decide And, in front of my profession. This consistency indicates the particular importance of ethical principles in psychological counseling and psychotherapy. Why do all countries create codes of professional ethics that regulate the professional activities of psychotherapists and consultant psychologists?

However, with clients who are suicidal, for example, it is important to adhere to these principles. If you want to ensure the safety of the client, it is important not to destroy his autonomy, the right to free self-esteem, and also not to infringe on his special worth and value. On the other hand, if nothing is done and nothing is done to protect the client’s autonomy, there is no threat to his well-being and life.

I hope that the consultant will appear at the beginning of the consultation process. The client’s decision to enter into a “consulting contract” is fully aware, so the consultant will, as soon as possible, provide the client with as much information as possible about the consultation process:

About the main purposes of consultation;

About your qualifications;

About payment for consulting;

About the approximate cost of consultation;

About the importance of consultation;

I will talk about the risk of time-consuming annihilation during the consultation process;

About inter-confidentiality.

A healthcare consultant should correctly assess the level and boundaries of his or her professional competence. It is not your fault to instill in the client hope for help that you cannot provide. It is unacceptable for consultations to suffer from a lack of mastery of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Advisory services with clients cannot always be used to try out any methods or techniques of consultation. As a consultant, in many cases he feels that there is a lack of competence, and it is necessary to consult with more knowledgeable colleagues and become more confident under their supervision.

The goiter consultant will provide, as expected, information about mental health counseling. It is very important to please the client in advance with the possibility of audio-video recording of advisory conversations and security by a third person through a one-way mirror. It is unacceptable to carry out such procedures without the benefit of the client. These procedures may be important for the consultant for pedagogical and follow-up purposes, as well as for the client to assess the dynamics of his problems and the effectiveness of counseling.

The main ethical problem facing counseling is the issue of confidentiality. This is the litmus test for the reliability of the consultant to the client. Consultation is impossible if the client does not trust the consultant. The details of confidentiality should be discussed with the client immediately. You can see two levels of privacy.

The first step must be taken before the professional review of the client’s records. The duty of a skin consultant is to provide information about the client in a professional manner. The consultant does not have the right to expand information about the client for other purposes. This is due to the fact that you want to undergo a course of psychocorrection. Information about clients (consultant records, individual client cards) must be kept in places inaccessible to third parties.

The consultant, while ensuring secrecy, is responsible for familiarizing the client with circumstances that are not covered by professional confidentiality. Among the most frequently indicated situations for which the rules of confidentiality in consultation may be subject to credit for the riddle of the attack:

1. Improvement of the life risks of the client and other people.

2. Evil acts (violence, violence, incest, etc.) that occur against minors.

3. The need for hospitalization of the client.

4. Participation of the client and other persons in common drugs and other criminal activities.

Having realized at the time of consultation that the client poses a serious threat to someone, the consultant needs to take steps to protect the potential victim.

Another important ethical principle is that there is no fence on the sidewalk. Consultation with relatives, friends, and colleagues is inappropriate, as student counselors begin to engage in inappropriate sexual contact with clients. Such a fence is completely understandable, since consultation makes it more important and there is a threat that with special drains this advantage can interfere with the method of operation.

The problem of sexual urges between consultants and psychotherapists with clients is even more important. Sexual encounters between consultants and clients are unpleasant, neither ethical nor professional, and therefore represent a direct threat to the role of the consultant. The client is highly influenced by the consultant, because in the specific atmosphere the consultation “nades” himself - he reveals his feelings, fantasies, secrets, desires, including those of a sexual nature. Sometimes the client strongly idealizes the consultant, and he wants to be intimate with such an ideal person who will deeply understand him. Prote, when the consultative contact is transformed into a sexual relationship, the clients develop extreme reticence, and the consultant loses objectivity. Where does professional counseling and psychotherapy end?

In the field of therapeutic psychology or, at the same time, in the theory of psychological assistance, the new world faces the problem of psychological knowledge of a person: the understanding of its characteristics and individuality and the explanation of internal reasons for the individual other behavior. The term “therapeutic psychology” was coined by A. Bremter and E. Shostrom (1968).

It is significant that in traditional psychological science the emphasis among known people is placed on the search for the hidden laws of the development of the psyche, represented, for example, in differential psychology and psychology of specialness. In therapeutic psychology, the emphasis on known characteristics is to focus on individual patterns of specific development. The fundamental importance of the subjects of psychological knowledge in the first and other forms lies in the shift in emphasis from the natural-scientific tradition in psychology to the humanities. This scientific problem is not new for psychology, and there are different philosophical approaches to its views.

One of the extreme points of view that comes from D. Newbrow (1997) lies in the fact that “there are two psychologies”, two parallel psychological knowledge about people: natural-scientific and humanitarian.

Other authors discuss the changing relationship between experimental psychology and experience psychology (Cripper, de Carvado, 1993); between nominatism and essentialism (Popper, 1992).

In modern psychology, the debate about this has flared up since the late 1980s. Thus, A.A. Radzikhovsky (1989), “turning back” to V. Dilthey, V. Vindelband, A. Bergson in the discussed nutritional complexity and psychological theories, talk about rational and explanatory, nomothetic and ideographic psychology . G.V. Sukhodelsky (1998) writes about the harshness of psychological theory, although for his methodological position there is powerful optimism, and he appreciates that the prospect of the development of psychology is tied up with its very hand to the extreme. A.M. Edkind (1987) emphasizes the importance of “academic” and “practical” psychology in various departments of “investigation” against “change”. A.A. Puzirey (1988) writes about the coming dyad: about the natural-scientific thinking in psychology with its orientation towards “practical theory” and about the psychotechnical type of scientific psychological thinking, which is oriented towards “theoretical practice”. V.A. Bogdanov shares the causal and goal-oriented approaches that come from Galileo and Aristotle, and their reflection in psychology in the presence of two different languages: “movie rice” and “movie factors of the situation” or structurally and against descriptive psychology.

A more important position is, in our opinion, for those who simply contrast humanitarian and natural-scientific knowledge, the understanding and explanation is no longer clear, because they are not effective and private manifestations of the manifestations that are expressed in superechkas about science and not science Other psychological approaches, schools, methods

When we turn to contemporary epistemology, we need to know that many philosophers are aware of the fact that science, as a sphere of methodical, orderly knowledge, is fundamentally inconsistent: beyond the boundaries of its competencies is to go beyond the limits of power and authority. ; P. Feierabent (1986), V.P. wrote about this. Zinchenka (1991), K. Popper (1992), H-G. Gadamer (1998) and others. K. Popper “Sciences are awakened, sporadzhena on fires that do not reach the bottom of the swamp”

In our opinion, there are different types of human knowledge, and therefore there are different types of knowledge about people: philosophical, religious, medical, psychological, psychoanalytic. Stinks are variously presented as intuitive and logical; empirical and theoretical; knowledge de dicto, de re and de si.

As for therapeutic psychological knowledge, it is characteristic, in our opinion, of the following features:

axiological component - the value of placing the subject before the object, it is impossible to reduce it either to the epistemological or to the praxeological aspect. As is evident from D. Hume’s (1965), values ​​cannot be identified with knowledge, and the fragments of the “judgment about the right” cannot be derived from the “judgment about the right”.

M.S. Kagan defines value as “the placing of a given subject before the interests, ideals and needs of the subject (Kagan, 1988, p. 65). The replacement of values ​​is realized in the therapeutic knowledge most often among the professional psychologist, but in reality this replacement of the ordering of both epistemological and praxological aspects of professional life ity. There is a paradox here, according to L. Wittgenstein, and it lies in the fact that “the world has no value,” in the sense that the light is factual. Values, more importantly, do not belong to the ideas, facts, phenomena of the world... just as ethics is a necessary intellectual light, so values, being similar in essence, are invisible.

The misunderstanding is not seen as “prelude before clarification”(which is characteristic of scientific positivism), and as equal, moreover, in various psychotherapeutic schools both dominant (for example, client-centered psychotherapy) and one (for example, psychosynthesis from which the defense of interpretation) warehouse process of knowledge Nya people.

Reasoning is a process that gives a sign of our psychic reality, which lies behind expressions (and non-expressions).

The understanding of something else is not taking into account someone else's evidence.

Understanding yourself stands as the basis for the intelligent manifestation of another life, someone else's spirit.

Rozuminnya ce dosvid de se (individual knowledge of a psychologist about himself) + dosvіd de re (knowledge of specific individual facts) + de dieto (unknown knowledge about the actual phenomenon).

In therapeutic situations, knowledge of a person can be of a different procedural nature, but knowledge is always a dialogue, where a person (both client and consultant) becomes both an object and a subject of knowledge.

As a result of the process of therapeutic learning, a new reality is created, which is characterized by changing values ​​and a new level of command that faces both participants in the process.

Therapeutic psychological knowledge operates not only and not so much concept of “truth” (as is typical for empirical psychology), since the concept of “truth”, which is generally true for all therapeutic approaches that do not concern themselves with other parameters of stench.

The idea of ​​truth in philosophy developed in different ways in the works of I. Kant (1964, v.4); V.S. Solovyova (1996); In modern-day psychology, this problem is analyzed by V.V. Znakov, who introduces the philosophical category of truth, meaning it as “the confirmed true and valuable-normative assessment of knowledge” (Znakov, 1993, p. 15).

The basis of therapeutic psychological knowledge in the context of psychotherapeutic medical knowledge is the concept of mental health, and the concept of a therapeutic model of changes in specialness, which (the model) is free from the idea of ​​“normality-abnormality”: it is replaced by various variations Our concept of individual development of specialness.

Absolutely special significance emerges in therapeutic psychological knowledge. These are also symbolic functions in the process of learning specialness. Language We are not talking about those who “the word is sweet,” as is often said in psychotherapy, but about those who, with the important knowledge of the psychoanalyst (psychotherapist, consultant, focused on the client’s hearing, and not on other types of help), feel the power of the word to lead the possibility of discovering something new, wanting to know something for yourself.

The philosophical significance of the singular, individually unrepeatable is growing immeasurably, in contrast to rationalism and panlogism with their emphasis on the universal. This tradition follows the work of Schopenhauer, K'erkegaard, Wittgenstein in philosophy and the work of Freud, Adler, Allport, Murray, Ananyev in psychology.

In general, one can bear in mind that at this time there is a change not only in the structure of psychology, but also in the system of psychology in the system of the world that is changing (Prigozhin, Stengers, 1986). V.Ye. Kogan is aware that in the process of current changes in modern psychological science, “it is not only the semiotics of psychology that is changing, but also the semiotics, internal and external boundaries and the semiotic space, about today includes psychotherapy, which Volodynia claimed to have a monopoly on, and continues to aspire to medicine” (Kogan 1947).

Every person has a strong system of values, which determines their decisions and how they accept the excessive light of other people. Follow the most important life criteria. The consultant’s value system determines the final changes of mind of the consultation. Whether the problem of specialness, as R. May (1967) suggests, is a moral problem; Otherwise, it seems that a person’s skin problem has its own moral overtones. Even nutrition itself, as often put in counseling and psychotherapy, - “How am I to blame for living?” - This is the essence of all moral systems. Here another point is to blame: how much power the consultation process has is due to the nature of the valuable discussion, as well as to what extent the consultant’s value may “take part” in the consultation process. As the answer to the first diet has made more sense - the client’s problems should be perceived as an inheritance of mental and spiritual illness, and not as a matter of morality - then from the other diet there are two extreme positions.

One of them is that the consultant is “objective”, value-neutral and does not bring his life philosophy and value system into the advisory table. We can focus heavily on customer values. This does not mean that the ideal consultant is one who does not have an overbearing value system - it is simply not his responsibility to take a position on moral and value aspects during the consultation. The sense of the consultant’s attitude is based on the fact that during the consultation process the client, most often, wants to change the outcome reasons for his behavior; self-esteem is formed based on the internalization of the evaluations of others. S. Patterson (1958; cited in: George, Cristiani, 1990) also points out a number of reasons for a consultant to be unique in emphasizing the client’s values:

The living philosophy of each individual is unique and should not be imposed on others;

It is impossible for Joden, a consultant, to assert that it is a completely blameless, adequate philosophy of life;

The most suitable place for acquiring values ​​is the family, church and school, and not the consultant’s office;

An individual develops a power-ethical system, struggling not with one hand and not one day, but with the influx of rich living factors and over the course of three hours;

No one can get over other people’s unique philosophy of life, which would be so meaningful to her;

The client has the right to reject the ethical principles and philosophy of life of another person.

At the opposite extreme is the thought of E. Williamson (1958; cited in: George, Cristiani, 1990), whereby the consultant is responsible for openly and clearly demonstrating to the client his value position, in order to try to remain neutral in the value chains In this situation, the client is encouraged to respect what the consultant respects acceptable and corrective behavior from a social, moral and legal point of view. This is the position of a consultant-innovator, who knows what is good and what is bad.

It is important to be careful with both extreme thoughts. Once you really look at the situation of consultation, it is simply impossible to become reasonable, so as to completely include the values ​​of the consultant, the transparent aspects of the consultative contact with the client, since consultation is understood as a relationship between two people, and not as mechanical or pre-programmed. The consultant is responsible for clearly knowing his own values, not to steal them from the client and not to avoid valuable discussions in advisory meetings, since many problems arise from the client’s value conflicts. And even the unreasonable ones of the powerful value system. However, the consultant’s clearly valuable position does not respect morality and morality. In any case, the infusion of the consultant’s values ​​onto the client has its ethical side, in order to find out what the consultant’s goals are, and the chosen methods reflect his philosophy of life. Without directly imposing your values ​​on the client, rather than pursuing the work’s singing philosophy, we inevitably “introduce” the consultant’s thoughts into the daily nutritional system of life.

Client: woman 30 years old, friendly, has three children, the eldest of them 10 years old. The problem with which Vaughn turned for help is that it is difficult to make a decision: to save his love or to separate from a man, which Vaughn characterizes as someone who does not care about her and the children, who is completely stuck in his work, boring and self-satisfied. The man was convinced that his brother was taking part in the consultation to solve the problem of family problems, firmly convinced that everything was wrong with him, and the squad needed to take care of it, because that was the problem. The client insists that she was separated peacefully, as if there were no children, whom, in her opinion, a father needs. The problem lies in the need to make decisions, to save the family, to find stability, to be comfortable with the person, or to end up separated. Resign yourself to essentially change your life. One of the pleasant ways out is to develop a relationship with another person (or people) in order to satisfy your emotional and physical needs.

With this particular problem, the consultant has a lot of valuable nutrition. One of the reasons for saving the client’s wealth is the interests of children. What does the consultant think about this - the children of the brown mother of both fathers in the minds of a recent model of a mutual man and woman, or rather, they now become signs of separation? What does the consultant think about love, family, separation, having children in the family? The client is talking about amorous relationships. What does the consultant think about its legitimacy? What are the harsh or destructive consequences for the client’s life? What does the consultant think about the need for security and rizik in people's lives? Depending on the task, nutrition is largely stored and the consultation process is the result.

According to G. Corey (1986), a consultant and psychotherapist, hoping to avoid valuable conflicts in the counseling process, the mother is guilty of a clear position from the actions of nutrition. The most important areas in which the position of a consultant is important are family, sex, abortion, religion, drugs.

It is extremely important for a consultant to know what infusion of value will be given to the course of the consultation, so that he can be himself and avoid imposing pressure on clients. The living philosophy of every person and its values ​​are unique. It would be even more surprising to think that only a consultant knows what a “good and righteous life” is. On the other hand, the neutrality of the consultant means either his ambivalence of values, or that he does not want to “protect” the consultation process from his values, and which respects authenticity and breadth. During the consultation process, it is our responsibility to help clients better identify their value system and make independent decisions on their basis, in which way they can change behavior or find value. sti. Well, the consultant destroys nutrition, and searches for clues and knows the client on the basis of power values. The consultant, focusing on his value system, also helps the client better understand the success of his decisions, solutions for a healthy life and the well-being of those close to him.

Since the dawn of time, psychology has been a very underground science. All the problems of the people can be solved either independently, or with the help of party fights or the Komsomol middle. The remarkable novelty of psychological counseling - secretly accessible and varied - caused people to begin to turn their internal conflicts into fakists. Tim no less, at the end of Sunset, this galuz of science and service is still lost in its embryonic stage.

How can a psychologist help?

What are the pros and cons of psychological counseling, as we look at it in the eyes of the inhabitant? The advantages are only obvious to those who are unaware. They themselves believe that a further session of psychological counseling will help to resolve all the special problems of a given person, and then make them “livable” and “positive”. However, the work is a “knower of souls,” which brings university coverage and is a troubling process. In addition, most cases are expensive. One session of psychological counseling can cost close to one hundred dollars. The results, from a practical perspective, are even dubious. For example, we are going to a consultation to resolve problems with our partners. However, a psychologist cannot - simply does not have the right - to give us specific results.

The only thing we can help you with is to make us aware of our needs and needs, our abilities and potential. Reshta - including important life decisions, such as separation and love, the birth of a child and separate relationships - the position of psychological counseling is lost. This time we can only retire on our own. A similar decision is made about those who will lose their place in the country, emigrate, or change jobs, which is our particular prerogative. No one can praise our important decision. A psychologist can definitely say that this output will bring results. The only thing you can do is to show the internal wiping of the skin solution and the filling. The remaining choice is made by the people themselves.

What are the other disadvantages of consultation? It is extremely important to “open up” to the wealth of us. Let us know about those who torment us, what and what we feel is connected with our situation. Even these aspects of psychological counseling are more important than what we have “in the middle”.

Most often, our problems are pushed so far away that we ourselves cannot voice them. What can you say about a person - a specialist - to teach us first and second time in life. There are a lot of problems and painful points that we can’t think of enough about. The decision itself may come from ourselves. Well, it’s simply necessary to carry out deep work on yourself.

What types of psychological counseling are available to cross-border residents? We first receive individual assistance within the framework of various programs. Consultations in this case usually last for a short period of time, and the main tasks of the psychologist will be to listen to the client and try to understand what problematic aspects of the character and life position should be addressed. Group activities, even if you want to participate in various psychotherapeutic centers, are not yet suitable for everyone. Lots of people hesitate to have a consultation in absentia. In this case, the ideal solution would be a chat or phone number, where you can anonymously discuss your problems with a professional and find a way out at the same time.